Overview of the Collection
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Repository Name:
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Robert A.L. Mortvedt Library
Scandinavian Immigrant Experience
Collection
Archives and Special
Collections Department
Pacific Lutheran University
Tacoma, WA, 98447
253-535-7586
Email:archives@plu.edu
http://www.plu.edu/archives
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Collection Number:
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t098-099
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Creator:
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Rasmussen,
Martin
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Title:
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Martin Rasmussen Oral
History Interview
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Dates:
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1981 (inclusive)
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Quantity:
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3 file folders
10 photographs
2 sound cassettes
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Languages:
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English
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Summary:
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An oral history interview with Martin
Rasmussen, a Danish immigrant.
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Biographical Note
Martin Rasmussen was born on February 1, 1896 in Tornum, Denmark to
Jeppe Hanson Rasmussen and Lucille Jensen. At the time of his birth, Tornum was
a part of Germany but was later returned to Denmark in 1920. Martin had four
brothers and one sister, and the family lived on a farm in northern Germany.
Martin attended school through the eighth grade, learning both German and
Danish. When he was finished with school, he became an apprentice with a
machinist for four years and then went on to work in a Hamburg machine shop. By
this time, the war had begun, and Martin was called into service. He elected to
join the Air Corps and did cleaning jobs on the flying field in Hamburg. After
the war, Martin returned to Denmark and entered the Engineering Institute. He
attended the institute for three and half years and then obtained a job
handling boilers and making cheese machines. In 1923, Martin decided to
immigrate to America for lack of adequate jobs in Denmark. From Ellis Island,
Martin took the train to Moline, Illinois and spent the next four years working
in various machine shops throughout the Midwest. In 1927, Martin's mother fell
ill, and Martin returned to Denmark for one year. Upon his return to America,
he began building dye casting machines in Newark and Chicago until the
Depression set in. At that time, Martin traveled to the West Coast, settling in
Tacoma, Washington. In Tacoma, Martin found work at an automotive shop and
spent his free time developing his own telescope. He also met his wife and was
married in the Danish Church in 1943. They had one son, Edward, who became an
engineer. Martin spent the rest of his working career at a plywood machinery
company in Tacoma and also became involved with the Danish Brotherhood and an
astronomy club, of which he was a charter member. Martin feels he is more
European than Danish but does have a special place for Denmark in his
heart.
Lineage
Full Name: Martin Nielson Rasmussen. Father: Jeppe Hanson Rasmussen.
Mother: Lucille Jensen. Paternal Grandfather: Rasmus Hanson. Brothers and
Sisters: There were four boys and one girl; Sern Rasmussen, Peter Rasmussen.
Spouse: (?) Olson; Children: Edward Rasmussen;
Content Description
This interview was conducted with Martin Rasmussen on October 8, 1981
at Pacific Lutheran University in Tacoma, Washington. It provides information
about family background, apprenticeship, service in the military, emigration,
employment, marriage and family, and Danish heritage. The interview also
includes two photographs of Martin as a soldier in the German Army during WWI,
three photographs of Martin and his telescope, five snapshots of Martin at the
time of the interview, and an article about Martin from the Pierce County
Herald (August 20, 1981).
Administrative Information
Custodial History The Oral History collection project was started during an experimental
course on Scandinavian Women in the Pacific Northwest. Students in the course
were encouraged to interview women and learn about their experiences as
immigrants to the United States. The project was continued and expanded with
support from the president's office and by grants from the L.J. Skaggs and Mary
C. Skaggs Foundation, from the Joel E. Ferris Foundation and the Norwegian
Emigration Fund of the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The project
was directed by Dr. Janet E. Rasmussen. The collection was transferred to the
Archives and Special Collections Department.
Processing Note The interview was conducted by Inger Nygaard Carr using a cassette
recorder. A research copy was also prepared from the original. To further
preserve the content of the interview, it is now being transferred to compact
disc. We deliberately did not transcribe the entire interview because we want
the researchers to listen to the interviewee's own voice. The transcription
index highlights important aspects of the interview and the tape counter
numbers noted on the Partial Interview Transcription are meant as approximate
finding guides and refer to the location of a subject on the cassette/CD. The
recording quality is good
The collection was transcribed by Mary Sue Gee, Julie Peterson and
Becky Husby.
Use of the Collection
Restrictions on Access The oral history collection is open to all users.
Restrictions on Use There are no restrictions on use.
Related Information
Bibliography
Rasmussen, Janet Elaine. New Land New Lives: Scandinavian Immigrants to
the Pacific NorthwestTacoma, WashingtonUniversity of Washington Press1993
Additional Reference Guides
Subjects
This collection is indexed under the following headings in the online
catalog. Researchers desiring materials about related topics, persons, or
places should search the catalog using these headings.
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| Hanson, Rasmus |
| Jensen, Lucille |
| Rasmussen, Edward |
| Rasmussen, Jeppe Hanson |
| Rasmussen,
Martin--Interviews (creator) |
| Hanson family |
| Jensen family |
| Rasmussen family |
| Astronomy Club (Tacoma, Wash.) |
| Danish Brotherhood in America (Tacoma, Wash.) |
| Plywood Machinery Company (Tacoma, Wash.) |
| Hamburg
(Germany) |
| Moline
(Ill.) |
| Tacoma
(Wash.) |
| Tornum
(Denmark) |
| Christmas |
| Danes -- Ethnic
identity |
| Danish-Americans--Interviews |
| Danish-Americans--Northwest,Pacific--Social life and
customs |
| Denmark --
Social conditions - 1945- |
| Emigration and
immigration |
| Marriage service |
| World War,
1939-1940 |
| Oral histories |
| Farmers |
| Machinists |
Detailed Description of the Collection
The partial interview transcription highlights important aspects of
the interview. Numbers may be used as guides to important subjects. Two numbers
separated by a slash indicate that the first number is for cassette and the
second for CD.
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Cassette Counter
004:
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Born February 1, 1895 in Tornum, Denmark which was part of
Germany at the time of his birth.
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Cassette Counter
010:
In 1920 the land was returned to Denmark. He talks about this
happening.
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Cassette Counter
016:
PARENTS
Jeppe Hanson Rasmussen and Lucille Jensen. Father was born in
Denmark. Mother born in the same section of Denmark. Martin was the name of the
farm.
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Cassette Counter
021:
FATHER
Immigrated to the northern part of Germany. He had a nice
farm.
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Cassette Counter
026:
BROTHERS AND SISTERS
four brothers and one sister. Oldest brother, Sern inherited the
farm in 1913. Sister never married. Three brothers were in the military service
between 1914-18 during WWI.
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Cassette Counter
042:
Brother Peter Rasmussen was wounded in Poland and died there.
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Cassette Counter
049:
Martin had Typhus during the war.
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Cassette Counter
054:
AFTER THE WAR
Went to the Engineering Institute in Copenhagen.
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Cassette Counter
058:
CHILDHOOD
Went to German schools, very strict. Finished the 8th grade.
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Cassette Counter
064:
Went into an apprenticeship in machinery.
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Cassette Counter
069:
LANGUAGES
Learned German in school. Learned also Danish in school.
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Cassette Counter
073:
Confirmed after school. This was in Danish. The area used to be a
Danish province before 1864 then there was a war between Germany and
Denmark.
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Cassette Counter
083 :
CHILDHOOD
Worked on the farm. Got cows together before school. Pulled
turnips, rutabagas, and potatoes.
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Cassette Counter
097:
POTATOES
Packing potatoes was a special thing for two weeks in September.
The whole family helped. Stored potatoes in the cellar. He describes the
storing process.
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Cassette Counter
116:
RUTABAGAS
He describes the picking and the storing of these.
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Cassette Counter
123:
SCHOOL
Strict discipline. Teacher used a rod.
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Cassette Counter
127 :
Discipline at home strict also.
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Cassette Counter
135:
CHILDHOOD ACTIVITIES
Went skiing in the meadows. Plenty of snow in the winter. Summer
went wading in the creek, played soccer with friends, and went bicycling.
Always had to work.
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Cassette Counter
158:
FARM
Good sized, mixed farming. 18 cows and 6 horses. Rode horses on
Sundays.
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Cassette Counter
170:
WOMEN
Did sewing, weaving (talks about weaving in some detail), and
baking. Had a big oven. Baked white and pumpernickel bread, 30 loaves. Baked
cakes and cookies first.
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Cassette Counter
201:
Pumpernickel bread was laid on the bed when it came out of the
oven.
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Cassette Counter
207:
BUTCHERING
The women did this in the fall. They had hogs and cattle.
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Cassette Counter
216:
HOG FARM
He talks about his nephew with 1300 hogs in Denmark. They mass
produce there.
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Cassette Counter
222:
Another farm has 180,000 fryers a years. They send them to Italy
and get spaghetti back.
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Cassette Counter
229:
GRANDPARENTS
They were farmers. Father's parents had a little farm in Denmark.
His name was Rasmus Hanson.
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Cassette Counter
249:
MOTHER'S PARENTS
Martin's mother was descended from a minister who in 1500 was
important to the Reformation. He describes the history of his mother's
family.
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Cassette Counter
273:
This minister died of the plague. Talk of this incident very
interesting. 400 people died 1/3 of the people in the town died.
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Cassette Counter
294:
MOTHER'S NAME
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Cassette Counter
309:
CHRISTMAS
Had a tree in the biggest room. Used candlelight. Danced around
the tree.
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Cassette Counter
328:
CHRISTMAS EVE DINNER
Best meal of the year. Pork and "all the things that go with it."
Put out grains for the birds.
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Cassette Counter
338:
FARMING
Didn't have much machinery. Cut hay with a hand machine. Rye was
harvested first. 4-5 men used sythes. Women rolled the grain together. Used
pieces of straw as string to bind it together.
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Cassette Counter
364:
WOMEN'S WORK
Helped in the fields a great deal. Did the milking three times a
day.
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Cassette Counter
372:
MILK
Took milk to the dairy where it was processed. Milkman picked it
up. The skim milk came back to feed the hogs and calves. Made money by selling
cream and milk.
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Cassette Counter
390:
GRAIN
Took grain to the miller. Went to windmill and was ground up to
feed to hogs and cattle.
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Cassette Counter
398:
HARVESTING MACHINE
Cut grains. Went back to tie it. 150 acre farm.
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Cassette Counter
409:
FARMING
Got fertilizer. More livestock. Got food for the cows in cakes
made from soybeans and other herbs, which was made in Mongolia. This helped the
cows produce more milk.
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Cassette Counter
426:
NEW BARN
In 1910, a "fancy building" built with rocks from the fields.
They were split and then used.
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Cassette Counter
456:
HOUSE
The house was connected the barn. Some slept in the barn, easier
to care for the animals.
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Cassette Counter
477:
CHRISTMAS
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Cassette Counter
501:
NEW YEARS
Before New Years Eve they went to relatives and shot off fireworks
in the afternoon. In the evening the adults went from house to house for coffee
and cookies until 12 or 1am.
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Cassette Counter
537:
THIEVES
Problems with neighbors stealing things from the barns,
wheelbarrows, etc. Brothers stayed up to guard the barn.
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Cassette Counter
558:
In the winter, the grain was worked off the straw. Process
described in detail. Used the straw for roofing houses. Some problems with
roofs catching fire with lightening.
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Cassette Counter
595:
CHURCH
Not as a child. Adults went on Christmas day.
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Cassette Counter
609:
EATING
Everyone ate out of a common dish when they were kids. There was a
big pan and everyone had a spoon.
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Cassette Counter
622:
FOOD
Side-pork, potatoes, beans, beets, zucchini were all pickled.
Talks about preserving ham.
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Cassette Counter
655:
GRAIN
Stored above the living quarters. Good insulation. Single pane
windows. Flower-pots in windows. Beds built in.
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Cassette Counter
681:
Card playing for entertainment, black jack.
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Cassette Counter
001:
FOLK STORIES
The woman in the graveyard without a head. Many things seen. A
graveyard was a place one didn't pass by.
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Cassette Counter
020:
CHURCH
Men sat on one side, women on the other. Singing, no dancing.
Minister spoke in Danish. Mostly Danish people. A few Germans.
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Cassette Counter
032:
CHURCH
Children went to church during confirmation and met with the
pastor at his house. Pastor lived well. Lay people brought food and grain.
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Cassette Counter
047:
PASTOR
Was from Germany but could speak Danish.
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Cassette Counter
054:
CONFIRMATION
Learned about the Bible, singing. Girls on one side of the hall,
boys on the other.
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Cassette Counter
067:
SCHOOLS
The pastor was also the head of the school district, Lutheran
church.
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Cassette Counter
077:
APPRENTICESHIP
After school he was an apprentice with a machinist for four years.
Lived with the people he worked for.
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Cassette Counter
100:
Germans could wear some sort of hat, but an apprentice wasn't
allowed to wear this and could be punished if they did.
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Cassette Counter
118:
War began after his apprenticeship. Stayed home for a while.
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Cassette Counter
126:
WORK
Got a job in the Hamburg machine shop. Had to make tools couldn't
buy them.
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Cassette Counter
139:
WORK
Several close calls with the machinery, not always safe.
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Cassette Counter
157:
WAR
Called to war. Could select what he wanted to do. Wanted to be in
the Air Corps.
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Cassette Counter
165:
Worked on the waterfront in Hamburg making big grooves on
bullets.
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Cassette Counter
175:
Went out on the flying field in Hamburg. Did cleaning jobs.
Didn't have runaways.
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Cassette Counter
191:
STORY
Big Zeppelin (air balloon) was having difficulty landing. This is
described in detail.
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Cassette Counter
214:
WENT TO BERLIN
Took the train from Hamburg to Berlin. Got a job on the air field
in the Southeast part of Berlin. Didn't get any pay for a week so he starved
for a week.
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Cassette Counter
237:
Brother had died in Poland.
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Cassette Counter
241:
SIGHTSEEING IN BERLIN
Saw the Egyptian museum and an armament museum. He describes these
places.
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Cassette Counter
263:
DANISH AND GERMAN CONFLICTS
Couldn't sing certain hymns. Big problem with this.
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Cassette Counter
291:
Picture of the Kaiser was damaged and the person had to skip the
country because this was a serious offense.
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Cassette Counter
309:
DRAFTED
Heard propaganda on how great war was. Hard to fight in German war
because of his sentiment was Danish.
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Cassette Counter
322:
ARMY
2 million students in Germany volunteered for the army. They had
different feelings when they got to the Russian front line.
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Cassette Counter
334:
IMPRESSIONS OF WAR
Nothing beautiful about it. "Hell on earth." Moral and other
defects created by war.
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Cassette Counter
343:
Was in France. Contracted typhus and came back to a German
Hospital. Was well taken care of.
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Cassette Counter
256:
AFTER WAR
Came back to Denmark in 1919. The border was open. The land went
back to Denmark from Germany.
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Cassette Counter
368:
Entered Engineering Institute. Needed past apprenticeship
experience to get in. Practical experience very important.
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Cassette Counter
389:
ENGINEERING SCHOOL
Did drawings in school of steam engines, etc. 3 1/3 years of
school. School was based on German techniques.
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Cassette Counter
408:
WORK
Got a job in a dairy machine place. Handled boilers. Made cheese
machines.
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Cassette Counter
428:
USA
Went to the US in 1923 at the age of 27 because there were not
enough jobs in Denmark. Couldn't use all the technical men in Denmark.
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Cassette Counter
442:
Didn't know anybody in the US when he went but knew of a few.
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Cassette Counter
462:
TRIP OVER
Didn't pay for it. Did dishwashing on the boat.
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Cassette Counter
478:
PARENTS FEELINGS WHEN HE LEFT
Dad died in 1917. Mother didn't have much say.
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Cassette Counter
496:
WORK
Got a job in a plow shop in Moline, Illinois.
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Cassette Counter
498:
ELLIS ISLAND
Remembers two guys playing checkers. Waited for a long time.
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Cassette Counter
521:
Got on a train. Took a few days to get to Illinois. Got to
Chicago.
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Cassette Counter
530:
BOAT RIDE OVER
Good, in June it wasn't rough.
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Cassette Counter
538:
MOLINE, ILLNOIS
Worked at a plow shop. Big blacksmith who he helped. Very hot
furnaces. Temperature changes made it difficult.
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Cassette Counter
558:
SPEAKING ENGLISH
He knew a few words. People couldn't understand him.
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Cassette Counter
574:
Worked with a sledge hammer all day.
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Cassette Counter
579:
STORY
Experiences in a Greek restaurant. Hard to explain what he wanted.
He pointed at things.
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Cassette Counter
589:
DAVENPORT, IOWA
Worked at a machine shop. Made castings. Talks about the chimney
in town, was an American invention. He describes this detail.
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Cassette Counter
633:
President Harding's death is mentioned.
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Cassette Counter
648:
CHICAGO
Stayed at the YMCA. Worked at a small machine shop. The owner had
been a German navy man. He was very strict.
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Cassette Counter
681:
JULY 4TH
Showed up for work, he didn't realize this was a holiday.
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Cassette Counter
013:
LINDBERGH
His flying over to France is mentioned.
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Cassette Counter
014:
RETURN TO DENMARK
Went because his mother was sick. He worked his way over by
working under decks. Steam kettles.
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Cassette Counter
030:
This trip was in 1927. He stayed one year. On way back to the US
with stops in London and Paris.
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Cassette Counter
038:
Binoculars or "spy-glasses" are described. He really liked
these.
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Cassette Counter
046:
NEWARK, USA
Worked building dye casting machines. English was improving.
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Cassette Counter
054:
Stock market went broke. Laid everyone off.
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Cassette Counter
068:
NEWARK
Ran two machines, made $10 a night.
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Cassette Counter
073:
CHICAGO
Made four dye casting machines. Everything collapsed. He still
had some money.
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Cassette Counter
081:
TELESCOPE
He made one because he was interested in finding a way to see the
moon and the stars.
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Cassette Counter
090:
WYOMING
Drove out in an old car and worked in the beet fields. Shoveled
beets into trucks. Hard work. Had meat three times a day, always burnt.
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Cassette Counter
106:
The owners were Russian-German from around Volga, River, Soviet
Union. Used Mexicans and Indians for labor.
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Cassette Counter
121:
TACOMA, WASH.
Came out west to Tacoma in 1930 during the depression years. Not
much steady work. Low wages. Worked on Market Street fixing automobiles and
trucks.
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Cassette Counter
141:
TELESCOPE
Worked on weekends developing it. Came up with a good one.
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Cassette Counter
152:
DANISH BROTHERHOOD
Joined in 1962. Became secretary to the group. For ten years. He
was also the treasurer. His wife joined the sisterhood.
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Cassette Counter
168:
MEETINGS
Made 100's of sandwiches.
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Cassette Counter
172:
WIFE
She was the choir director in the Danish Church in Tacoma for
twenty-five years. He met her in church.
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Cassette Counter
190:
Wife's maiden name was Olson. She had seven brothers in the US
and two in Denmark who are farmers.
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Cassette Counter
200:
WEDDING
In the Danish Church in 1943. Hard to find things to eat because
of the rations. About 100 people came.
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Cassette Counter
225:
CHILDREN
Edward was an engineer. Lost all his hair. Work became a hazard.
Could get dust in his lungs. Now on a pension. Wife is a nurse.
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Cassette Counter
265:
GRANDCHILDREN
Two boys, they live in Silverdale, Oregon. Ambition to get them
through college.
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Cassette Counter
278:
WORK
At a plywood machinery place in Tacoma for 25 years. Used
engineering some. He describes this.
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Cassette Counter
313:
Made plywood machinery. Describes these machines. Automatic
machines. Made presses, panel saws and other machines.
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Cassette Counter
340:
Got into the company by showing drawings of some presses to the
owners.
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Cassette Counter
353:
Interested always in the heavens, stars, etc. A real stargazer.
Curious about all this.
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Cassette Counter
363:
ASTRONOMY CLUB
They are charter members of this. All members experts in
electricity, machinery, etc. About twelve members.
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Cassette Counter
379:
HOBBIES
Plays chess, likes to read about it. Thinks about it all the
time.
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Cassette Counter
387:
HOBBIES
Also enjoys classical music, had lots of records. Likes Mozart,
Beethoven, and Grieg.
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Cassette Counter
416:
Talks about the origin of man. Religious Beliefs:
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Cassette Counter
423:
Billy Graham is all wrong. Deuteronomy can't be believed. Talks
about Adam and Eve fables.
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Cassette Counter
449:
TRIPS BACK TO DENMARK
Changes, not Christian anymore, now only 5%. They have something
else, different interpretation.
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Cassette Counter
470:
CHANGES
All talk one language. Not old dialect anymore. Hard to
understand slang.
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Cassette Counter
505:
Farms more up-to-date. Mass production. Insemination of cows. He
goes into detail about these new ways of farming.
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Cassette Counter
539:
Lots of machinery because they can't get help.
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Cassette Counter
544:
DANISH HERITAGE
He feels more European than Danish. Special liking for Denmark.
Great country.
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Cassette Counter
560:
They eat too much meat in Denmark side pork, etc.
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Cassette Counter
571:
Danish language spoken. Good example of the language.
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Cassette Counter
602:
Europe is where one finds beauty and history. The US is ahead in
living conditions, technique, and industry. No country like the US.
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