Overview of the Collection
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Repository Name:
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Robert A.L. Mortvedt Library Scandinavian Immigrant Experience
Collection Archives and Special
Collections Department
Pacific Lutheran University Tacoma, WA, 98447 253-535-7586 Email:archives@plu.edu http://www.plu.edu/~archives/SIE%20Collection/index.htm
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Collection Number:
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t104
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Creator:
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Johnson, Anna Elvira Granlund
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Title:
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Anna Elvira Granlund
Johnson Oral History Interview
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Dates:
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1981 (inclusive)
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Quantity:
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3 file folders 5 photographs 1 sound cassette
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Languages:
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English
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Summary:
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An oral history interview with Anna Elvira
Granlund Johnson, a Finnish immigrant.
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Biographical Note
Anna Johnson was born on July 23, 1899 in
Esse, Finland to Matt Leander Granlund and Josefina Lovisa. Her father was
employed in a variety of trades, and the family owned a small amount of land on
which they grew crops such as potatoes and hay. There were five children in the
family, and all but Anna and her sister Maria died in their youth. Anna's
father also died of a ruptured appendix at age thirty-one, after which her
mother did practical nursing as a means of support until she too passed away
when Anna was only nine. After her mother's death, Anna went to live with her
uncle, where she helped take care of his children. She did not attend much
school but learned to read and write as well as Bible history at home. When
Anna was thirteen, her father's cousin visited Finland from America and invited
Anna to return with him. Anna was happy to go with him and set sail from Hangö,
Finland on November 24, 1913. After changing boats in Liverpool, England, Anna
made a nine-day voyage across the Atlantic, landing at Ellis Island, where her
name was changed from Granlund to Lund. From New York, Anna traveled to
Bemidji, Minnesota, where one of her uncles lived with his family. Anna stayed
with her uncle off and on until 1915, during which time she helped take care of
his children, worked on a farm, and attended some school. The language barrier
was difficult for Anna at first, but she felt that there were many
opportunities to be had in America and worked to overcome it. After living with
her uncle, Anna worked at a boarding house and then went on to work in a
restaurant until 1920. At that time, Anna decided to move to the West Coast,
settling in Everett, Washington. Anna quickly found another job as a waitress
and joined the Cooks and Waitress Union as a way to make friends. In Everett,
Anna was also reacquainted with a man named Frank Johnson, whom she had first
met in church in Minnesota. Frank was of Swedish heritage and had served in
WWI. Anna and Frank were married a year and a half after they met in Everett
and remained in the city until 1945, during which time Frank worked at a
sawmill and Anna continued to work as a waitress. The couple had three
children: Rudolph, Clifford, and Roger, and Anna always made sure she was home
when the children were, firmly believing in the necessity of a sound home-life.
In 1945, the family bought a share of Puget Sound Plywood Co. and moved to
Tacoma. Frank worked at the plywood company until he had a heart-attack in
1953. Through the years, Anna has been a part of the Vasa Lodge and has been
very involved in the Lutheran Church. She was also the President of the Widows
of WWI group. Anna is proud to be Finnish and has visited Finland four times,
once with Frank in 1954 and three more times on her own.
Lineage
Full Name: Anna Elvira Johnson. Maiden
Name: Anna Elvira Granlund Lund. Father Matt Leander Granlund. Mother: Josefina
Lovisa Tarvonen. Paternal Grandfather: Matt Mattson Tarvonen. Paternal
Grandmother: Katarina Helena Tarvonen, Kajsa Lena Jakabror Hägglund. Maternal
Grandfather: Matt Anderson Stubb, Matt Andrew Stubb Granlund. Maternal
Grandmother: Kajsa Greta Erickson, Brita Kaijan Stubb. Brothers and Sisters:
Matt Leander Granlund, George Leonard Granlund, Maria Olivia Granlund. Spouse:
Frank Johnson. Children: Rudolph B. Johnson, Clifford Arne Johnson, Roger E.
Johnson.
Content Description
This interview was conducted with Anna
Johnson on October 23, 1981 in Tacoma, Washington. It contains information on
family background, emigration, employment, marriage and family, community
involvement, and Finnish heritage. The interview was conducted in English with
some Swedish at the end of the interview.
Administrative Information
Custodial History The Oral History collection
project was started during an experimental course on Scandinavian Women in the
Pacific Northwest. Students in the course were encouraged to interview women
and learn about their experiences as immigrants to the United States. The
project was continued and expanded with support from the president's office and
by grants from the L.J. Skaggs and Mary C. Skaggs Foundation, from the Joel E.
Ferris Foundation and the Norwegian Emigration Fund of the Royal Norwegian
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The project was directed by Dr. Janet E.
Rasmussen. The collection was transferred to the Archives and Special
Collections Department.
Processing Note The interview was conducted by
Inger Nygaard Carr using a cassette recorder. A research copy was also prepared
from the original. To further preserve the content of the interview, it is now
being transferred to compact disc. We deliberately did not transcribe the
entire interview because we want the researchers to listen to the interviewee's
own voice. The transcription index highlights important aspects of the
interview and the tape counter numbers noted on the Partial Interview
Transcription are meant as approximate finding guides and refer to the location
of a subject on the cassette/CD. The recording quality is good
The
collection was transcribed by Mary Sue Gee, Julie Peterson and Becky Husby.
Use of the Collection
Restrictions on Access The oral history collection
is open to all users.
Restrictions on Use There are no
restrictions on use.
Related Information
Bibliography
Rasmussen, Janet Elaine.New Land
New Lives: Scandinavian immigrants to the Pacific NorthwestTacoma, WashingtonUniversity of Washington
Press1993
Additional Reference Guides
Subjects
This collection is indexed under
the following headings in the online catalog. Researchers desiring materials
about related topics, persons, or places should search the catalog using these
headings.
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Granlund, Matt Andrew Stubb |
| Granlund, Matt Leander |
| Hägglund, Kajsa Lena Jakabror |
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Johnson, Anna Elvira Granlund Lund--Interviews (creator) |
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Johnson, Clifford Arne |
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Johnson, Frank |
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Johnson, Roger E. |
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Johnson, Rudolph, B. |
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Lund, Emil |
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Moans, Kajsa Greta Erickson |
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Stubb, Brita Kaijan |
| Stubb, Matt Anderson |
| Tarvonen, Josefina Lovisa |
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Tarvonen, Katarina Helena |
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Tarvonen, Matt Mattson |
| Granlund family |
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Hägglund family |
| Johnson
family |
| Lund
family |
| Moans
family |
| Stubb
family |
| Tarvonen family |
| Emmanuel Lutheran Church (Tacoma, Wash.) |
| First Lutheran Church (Tacoma, Wash.) |
| Puget Sound Plywood Company (Tacoma, Wash.) |
| Vasa Order of
America. Lodge Number 231 (Everett, Wash.) |
| Bemidji
(Minn.) |
| Esse(Finland) |
| Everett (Wash.) |
| Education--Finland |
| Emigration and immigration
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| Family--Finland |
| Finland--Social
conditions--1945- |
| Finnish-Americans--Northwest, Pacific--Interviews |
| Finnish-Americans--Social life and customs |
| Ocean travel |
| Oral
histories |
| Domestics |
| Restaurateurs |
| Sawmill workers |
Detailed Description of the Collection
The partial interview transcription
highlights important aspects of the interview. Numbers may be used as guides to
important subjects. Two numbers separated by a slash indicate that the first
number is for cassette and the second for CD.
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Cassette Counter
004:
PERSONAL
BACKGROUND
Born in Esse, Finland which is
in the northern part of Finland.
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Cassette Counter
011:
HISTORY OF
FINLAND
Old ties to Sweden. Family had
bought land from Sweden long ago, which is now Finland.
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Cassette Counter
028:
PARENTS
Father - Matt Leander Granlund. Mother - Josefina
Lovisa. Talks about where the parents are from near Esse, Finland.
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Cassette Counter
039:
TALKS ABOUT FINNISH,
SWEDISH TIES
Northern Finland has
background of Swedes.
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Cassette Counter
046:
BIRTHDATE
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Cassette Counter
048:
PARENTS
Father needed many trades to make it. Superintendent
of school. Played the organ. Teacher. Deacon in the church. They lived in Esse,
Finland.
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Cassette Counter
057:
LAND
Had a little land from the father's side of the family which
her father shared with his brother's. Some brothers immigrated to the US.
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Cassette Counter
071:
Enough land to grow a few crops, potatoes, and hay. In
Finland didn't grow many vegetables, but mostly grain. Had 2 cows.
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Cassette Counter
081:
GRANDPARENTS
Grandfather had a large farm. He was also a mail
carrier.
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Cassette Counter
087:
BROTHER & SISTERS
Five children. Maria died in 1973. The
others died when they were small children. Maria had stayed in Finland.
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Cassette Counter
094:
CHILDHOOD
HOME
Three bedroom house. Mother very
religious. Lots of singing. Sunday school taught in their house.
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Cassette Counter
101:
WINTERS
Finland was very cold in the winter. Couldn't travel
very far.
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Cassette Counter
105:
MOTHER
Did practical nursing when her husband died. She made her
living this way. She would keep patients in the house.
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Cassette Counter
107:
BROTHERS &
SISTERS
Died young. One died at age 12
from an inflamed knee injury. Doctors couldn't treat it. Dad died from ruptured
appendix. One brother died of TB of the stomach.
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Cassette Counter
118:
Epidemic of TB from the milk of the cows.
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Cassette Counter
121:
CHILDHOOD
Didn't go to school much because her mother died when
Anna was 9 years old. She lived with her uncle and took care of her uncle's
children.
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Cassette Counter
132:
EDUCATION
Learned to read and write mostly at home. Learned
Bible history.
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Cassette Counter
142:
Mostly worked. "Learned how to work."
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Cassette Counter
144:
TICKET TO THE US
Father's cousin came in 1913 from America
and asked Anna if she wanted to go to the US. She was glad to go and get away
from Finland. Ticket was $92.
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Cassette Counter
152:
CHRISTMAS
Started around Thanksgiving time to kill sheep and
store the meat for Christmas. Roasted some meat. Tree hung from the ceiling if
there were small children around. Homemade decorations for the tree.
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Cassette Counter
169:
HARVEST
After the grain harvest, the grain was ground for
bread and for the animals. The horses had bread for a treat.
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Cassette Counter
181:
BAKED GOODS
Sweet bread. Raisins and prunes to make sweet soup.
Never saw cookies.
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Cassette Counter
190:
CHURCH
Went to church at Christmas. Lutheran church. Mostly Lutheran
and a few Baptist churches in Finland.
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Cassette Counter
195:
SCHOOL
She described the ages that children go to school.
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Cassette Counter
208:
TRIP TO U.S.
At age 13, she came to the U.S. with a cousin of her
father's on November 24, 1913.
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Cassette Counter
217:
BOAT TRIP
Sailed from Hangö in Finland. Changed boats at
Liverpool, England. "Conrad."
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Cassette Counter
224:
BOAT TRIP
Travel on the North Sea very bad. No food. Crawled
along. Rough sea. Took 9 days to get across the Atlantic.
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Cassette Counter
239:
BUYING TICKET
Took care of travel from Finland to Minnesota.
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Cassette Counter
244:
TRAVEL
Stayed in Liverpool for 2 days. Mostly Swedish people
around her. Cousin could read English which helped.
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Cassette Counter
261:
FAMILY
Left behind a sister in Finland.
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Cassette Counter
268:
ELLIS ISLAND
"Just Fine". One Italian lady had a knife around her
neck - she was going to stab someone if they didn't change bunks. Stayed one
night at Ellis Island.
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Cassette Counter
287:
FIRST
IMPRESSIONS
Not distorted by Ellis
Island.
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Cassette Counter
293:
TRAIN
TRAVEL
Food on the train. No trouble on
the train.
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Cassette Counter
301:
LUGGAGE
Clothes and an old black scarf from the 1880's.
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Cassette Counter
307:
CHURCH
In Finland, they always wore a black scarf when they went to
church.
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Cassette Counter
318:
MINNESOTA
Arrived in Bemidji, Minn. in the
evening. Went to her uncle's house.
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Cassette Counter
332:
UNCLE'S WORK
Sawmill workers made $1.75 in 1913. Uncle worked in
Minnesota in the mills. This wasn't much to feed a family.
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Cassette Counter
341:
WORK
Anna helped take care of children. Scrubbed clothes on a
board. "Plain" food. She worked on a farm in the summer. She liked this.
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Cassette Counter
358:
SCHOOL
Went to school some in Minnesota.
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Cassette Counter
368:
NAME CHANGE
Her uncle's name was Emil Lund. Anna's name changed to
Lund at Ellis Island because they didn't want the name Granlund.
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Cassette Counter
375:
SCHOOL
Children didn't like foreigners at school who couldn't speak
English. At first the teacher had Anna come after school from 3:00 - 4:30pm so
she could get special help. Was a Norwegian school teacher.
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Cassette Counter
404:
LANGUAGE
The language barrier was the most difficult thing in
coming to America another was being lonesome. Many good opportunities in the
U.S.
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Cassette Counter
416:
WOMEN
In Finland, there different expectations of women. Women do
very hard physical labor.
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Cassette Counter
425:
MOTHER
Drowned in the river. There was a hole in the ice and
she slipped through. No one saw her drown.
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Cassette Counter
440:
FATHER
Sick for a long time. Died of appendicitis. Doctors in
Finland could treat it. He was 31 when he died.
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Cassette Counter
454:
WORK
Stayed with her uncle off and on until 1915, then she went to
work for a lady who owned a boarding house. She cooked, cleaned, etc for $2.50
a week.
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Cassette Counter
473:
WAR
When the war broke out she quit the
boarding house because the owner couldn't afford it anymore. Food was very
high.
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Cassette Counter
478:
WORK
Went to work at a restaurant in Bemidji, Minnesota until
1920. Started at $6 a week with room & board. Made more by 1920.
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Cassette Counter
510:
MOVED
Left Minnesota for the West Coast. Went to Canada to visit
her Aunt who had brought her to the US. Took the train to Everett, WA.
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Cassette Counter
535:
WORK
Started work in an Everett restaurant. Not hard to find work.
Made wages of $3 a day.
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Cassette Counter
549:
UNIONS
Way to make friends. Cooks and waitresses Union.
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Cassette Counter
562:
MARRIAGE
Husband came from Alaska. He had been in the service
in WWI. He found work on a fishing boat that went to Alaska.
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Cassette Counter
571:
HUSBAND
She'd met him first in church in Minnesota. His name
was Frank Johnson.
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Cassette Counter
587:
Married one and a half years after they met in Everett.
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Cassette Counter
592:
WEDDING
Married in the pastor's parsonage. The witnesses were
the only ones there. Pastor Pederson at the Mission Covenant Church.
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Cassette Counter
603:
CHURCH
No Lutheran ministers in Everett at the time.
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Cassette Counter
611:
HUSBAND'S
WORK
Worked in a sawmill. Stayed in
Everett until 1945. Came to Tacoma. Bought a share of Puget Sound Plywood Co.
Worked there until his heart attack in 1953.
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Cassette Counter
004:
CHILDREN
Three - The oldest, Rudy Johnson was in WWII. He is
now a pastor at Our Saviors Lutheran Church in Seaside, OR. He has four
children. His wife's name is Ruth. They were married in the First Lutheran
Church in Tacoma. His children are described below.
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Cassette Counter
016:
GRANDCHILDREN
Gerald was in the service for 3 years. Now is a police
captain in Greshem, OR.
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Cassette Counter
018:
GRANDCHILDREN
Elaine graduated from Pacific Lutheran University.
They live in Corvallis, OR. She is a teacher.
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Cassette Counter
021:
GRANDCHILDREN
Kathryn is married and living in Portland, OR.
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Cassette Counter
026:
GRANDCHILDREN
Clifford is a graduate of Pacific
Lutheran University. Now an accountant in Portland, OR. He has 3 kids - all
educated.
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Cassette Counter
035:
CHILDREN
Roger Johnson: Bought their share of Puget Sound
Plywood Co. He has three children. They live in Tacoma.
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Cassette Counter
042:
FAMILY LIFE
Happy family life. Close ties to the church.
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Cassette Counter
045:
CHURCH
Goes now to Emmanuel Lutheran Church. Very involved.
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Cassette Counter
050:
WIDOWS OF WWI
President of this group. She gives talks to other
chapters.
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Cassette Counter
057:
HUSBAND
He was a deacon in the church. He had a Swedish
background. She talks about her husband's mother & father.
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Cassette Counter
066:
FINNISH
ORGANIZATIONS
Order of Runneberg. She
wasn't a member of this.
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Cassette Counter
073:
Member of the Vasa Lodge in Everett.
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Cassette Counter
076:
DEPRESSION
Worked after she was married during the Depression.
Mills down. She worked in restaurants.
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Cassette Counter
085:
CHILD-RAISING
Was home when the children were home. Important for
young children to have a home life.
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Cassette Counter
094:
Crime now because children have no one to turn to.
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Cassette Counter
100:
TRIPS TO
FINLAND
Went with her husband in 1954.
Second time in 1967. Third 1969. Fourth 1975.
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Cassette Counter
105:
CHANGES
Finland is very modern now. Oil heat. Hot & cold
running water. Farm machinery. More modern buildings than here in the US.
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Cassette Counter
117:
TRAVEL
Cheaper travel in Finland than in the US. Senior citizens get
reduced rates.
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Cassette Counter
123:
FINLAND
Modern restaurants - McDonalds. Travel safer in
Finland - not so much fear as here in the US.
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Cassette Counter
128:
CHURCH
Church background important to many in Finland. This reflects
the ideals of the population.
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Cassette Counter
132:
EDUCATION
Trade schools. It's free education. Can learn various
trades.
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Cassette Counter
145:
EDUCATION
In Finland today it is
compulsory to learn more than one language. Some know many languages. Swedish a
basic language in Finland.
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Cassette Counter
158:
AFTER WWII IN
FINLAND
Troubled times. People sharing
food. Not much meat.
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Cassette Counter
167:
RUSSIA &
FINLAND
Russia now buys many things from
Finland. Now friends with Russia. Have been wars between them for many
years.
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Cassette Counter
174:
LANGUAGE
Didn't teach her children Swedish. Now they have
picked up some Swedish.
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Cassette Counter
185:
TRIP TO NORWAY
Went in 1975 and visited some in-laws.
She talks about her in-laws some.
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Cassette Counter
203:
HERITAGE
Not ashamed to be Finnish. Still had contact with his
brother-in-law in Finland.
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Cassette Counter
217:
SPOKEN
SWEDISH
She speaks in Swedish. Good
example of the language.
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