Robert A.L. Mortvedt Library
Scandinavian Immigrant Experience Collection
Archives and Special Collections Department
Pacific Lutheran University
Tacoma, WA, 98447
253-535-7586
Email:archives@plu.edu
http://www.plu.edu/~archives/SIE%20Collection/index.htm



Guide to the Anna Elvira Granlund Johnson Oral History Interview, 1981


t104





Finding aid prepared by Kerstin Ringdahl and Amity Smetzler

Finding aid encoded by Kerstin Ringdahl and Jacob Freeman, 2004
Funding for encoding this finding aid was provided through a grant awarded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.


Overview of the Collection

 
Repository Name:
 

Robert A.L. Mortvedt Library
Scandinavian Immigrant Experience Collection
Archives and Special Collections Department

Pacific Lutheran University
Tacoma, WA, 98447
253-535-7586
Email:archives@plu.edu
http://www.plu.edu/~archives/SIE%20Collection/index.htm

 
Collection Number:
 

t104

 
Creator:
 

Johnson, Anna Elvira Granlund

 
Title:
 

Anna Elvira Granlund Johnson Oral History Interview

 
Dates:
 

1981 (inclusive)

 
Quantity:
 

3 file folders
5 photographs
1 sound cassette

 
Languages:
 

English 

 
Summary:
 

An oral history interview with Anna Elvira Granlund Johnson, a Finnish immigrant.

 

Biographical Note

Anna Johnson was born on July 23, 1899 in Esse, Finland to Matt Leander Granlund and Josefina Lovisa. Her father was employed in a variety of trades, and the family owned a small amount of land on which they grew crops such as potatoes and hay. There were five children in the family, and all but Anna and her sister Maria died in their youth. Anna's father also died of a ruptured appendix at age thirty-one, after which her mother did practical nursing as a means of support until she too passed away when Anna was only nine. After her mother's death, Anna went to live with her uncle, where she helped take care of his children. She did not attend much school but learned to read and write as well as Bible history at home. When Anna was thirteen, her father's cousin visited Finland from America and invited Anna to return with him. Anna was happy to go with him and set sail from Hangö, Finland on November 24, 1913. After changing boats in Liverpool, England, Anna made a nine-day voyage across the Atlantic, landing at Ellis Island, where her name was changed from Granlund to Lund. From New York, Anna traveled to Bemidji, Minnesota, where one of her uncles lived with his family. Anna stayed with her uncle off and on until 1915, during which time she helped take care of his children, worked on a farm, and attended some school. The language barrier was difficult for Anna at first, but she felt that there were many opportunities to be had in America and worked to overcome it. After living with her uncle, Anna worked at a boarding house and then went on to work in a restaurant until 1920. At that time, Anna decided to move to the West Coast, settling in Everett, Washington. Anna quickly found another job as a waitress and joined the Cooks and Waitress Union as a way to make friends. In Everett, Anna was also reacquainted with a man named Frank Johnson, whom she had first met in church in Minnesota. Frank was of Swedish heritage and had served in WWI. Anna and Frank were married a year and a half after they met in Everett and remained in the city until 1945, during which time Frank worked at a sawmill and Anna continued to work as a waitress. The couple had three children: Rudolph, Clifford, and Roger, and Anna always made sure she was home when the children were, firmly believing in the necessity of a sound home-life. In 1945, the family bought a share of Puget Sound Plywood Co. and moved to Tacoma. Frank worked at the plywood company until he had a heart-attack in 1953. Through the years, Anna has been a part of the Vasa Lodge and has been very involved in the Lutheran Church. She was also the President of the Widows of WWI group. Anna is proud to be Finnish and has visited Finland four times, once with Frank in 1954 and three more times on her own.

Lineage

Full Name: Anna Elvira Johnson. Maiden Name: Anna Elvira Granlund Lund. Father Matt Leander Granlund. Mother: Josefina Lovisa Tarvonen. Paternal Grandfather: Matt Mattson Tarvonen. Paternal Grandmother: Katarina Helena Tarvonen, Kajsa Lena Jakabror Hägglund. Maternal Grandfather: Matt Anderson Stubb, Matt Andrew Stubb Granlund. Maternal Grandmother: Kajsa Greta Erickson, Brita Kaijan Stubb. Brothers and Sisters: Matt Leander Granlund, George Leonard Granlund, Maria Olivia Granlund. Spouse: Frank Johnson. Children: Rudolph B. Johnson, Clifford Arne Johnson, Roger E. Johnson.

Content Description

This interview was conducted with Anna Johnson on October 23, 1981 in Tacoma, Washington. It contains information on family background, emigration, employment, marriage and family, community involvement, and Finnish heritage. The interview was conducted in English with some Swedish at the end of the interview.

Administrative Information

Custodial History 

The Oral History collection project was started during an experimental course on Scandinavian Women in the Pacific Northwest. Students in the course were encouraged to interview women and learn about their experiences as immigrants to the United States. The project was continued and expanded with support from the president's office and by grants from the L.J. Skaggs and Mary C. Skaggs Foundation, from the Joel E. Ferris Foundation and the Norwegian Emigration Fund of the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The project was directed by Dr. Janet E. Rasmussen. The collection was transferred to the Archives and Special Collections Department.

Acquisition Information 

Processing Note 

The interview was conducted by Inger Nygaard Carr using a cassette recorder. A research copy was also prepared from the original. To further preserve the content of the interview, it is now being transferred to compact disc. We deliberately did not transcribe the entire interview because we want the researchers to listen to the interviewee's own voice. The transcription index highlights important aspects of the interview and the tape counter numbers noted on the Partial Interview Transcription are meant as approximate finding guides and refer to the location of a subject on the cassette/CD. The recording quality is good

The collection was transcribed by Mary Sue Gee, Julie Peterson and Becky Husby.

Use of the Collection

Restrictions on Access 

The oral history collection is open to all users.

Restrictions on Use 

There are no restrictions on use.

Related Information

Related Materials 

To search and view Pacific Lutheran University's digitized images, visit our Digital Assets Website

Bibliography 

  • Rasmussen, Janet Elaine.New Land New Lives: Scandinavian immigrants to the Pacific NorthwestTacoma, WashingtonUniversity of Washington Press1993
  • Additional Reference Guides 

    Subjects

    This collection is indexed under the following headings in the online catalog. Researchers desiring materials about related topics, persons, or places should search the catalog using these headings.

     
    Granlund, Matt Andrew Stubb
    Granlund, Matt Leander
    Hägglund, Kajsa Lena Jakabror
    Johnson, Anna Elvira Granlund Lund--Interviews (creator)
    Johnson, Clifford Arne
    Johnson, Frank
    Johnson, Roger E.
    Johnson, Rudolph, B.
    Lund, Emil
    Moans, Kajsa Greta Erickson
    Stubb, Brita Kaijan
    Stubb, Matt Anderson
    Tarvonen, Josefina Lovisa
    Tarvonen, Katarina Helena
    Tarvonen, Matt Mattson
    Granlund family
    Hägglund family
    Johnson family
    Lund family
    Moans family
    Stubb family
    Tarvonen family
    Emmanuel Lutheran Church (Tacoma, Wash.)
    First Lutheran Church (Tacoma, Wash.)
    Puget Sound Plywood Company (Tacoma, Wash.)
    Vasa Order of America. Lodge Number 231 (Everett, Wash.)
    Bemidji (Minn.)
    Esse(Finland)
    Everett (Wash.)
    Education--Finland
    Emigration and immigration
    Family--Finland
    Finland--Social conditions--1945-
    Finnish-Americans--Northwest, Pacific--Interviews
    Finnish-Americans--Social life and customs
    Ocean travel
    Oral histories
    Domestics
    Restaurateurs
    Sawmill workers

    Detailed Description of the Collection

    The partial interview transcription highlights important aspects of the interview. Numbers may be used as guides to important subjects. Two numbers separated by a slash indicate that the first number is for cassette and the second for CD.


     
    Cassette
    104, side 1


    Cassette Counter  004:   PERSONAL BACKGROUND
    Born in Esse, Finland which is in the northern part of Finland.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  011:   HISTORY OF FINLAND
    Old ties to Sweden. Family had bought land from Sweden long ago, which is now Finland.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  028:   PARENTS
    Father - Matt Leander Granlund. Mother - Josefina Lovisa. Talks about where the parents are from near Esse, Finland.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  039:   TALKS ABOUT FINNISH, SWEDISH TIES
    Northern Finland has background of Swedes.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  046:  BIRTHDATE
    July 23, 1899.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  048:   PARENTS
    Father needed many trades to make it. Superintendent of school. Played the organ. Teacher. Deacon in the church. They lived in Esse, Finland.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  057:   LAND
    Had a little land from the father's side of the family which her father shared with his brother's. Some brothers immigrated to the US.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  071:  
    Enough land to grow a few crops, potatoes, and hay. In Finland didn't grow many vegetables, but mostly grain. Had 2 cows.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  081:  GRANDPARENTS
    Grandfather had a large farm. He was also a mail carrier.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  087:  BROTHER & SISTERS
    Five children. Maria died in 1973. The others died when they were small children. Maria had stayed in Finland.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  094:   CHILDHOOD HOME
    Three bedroom house. Mother very religious. Lots of singing. Sunday school taught in their house.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  101:   WINTERS
    Finland was very cold in the winter. Couldn't travel very far.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  105:   MOTHER
    Did practical nursing when her husband died. She made her living this way. She would keep patients in the house.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  107:   BROTHERS & SISTERS
    Died young. One died at age 12 from an inflamed knee injury. Doctors couldn't treat it. Dad died from ruptured appendix. One brother died of TB of the stomach.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  118:  
    Epidemic of TB from the milk of the cows.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  121:   CHILDHOOD
    Didn't go to school much because her mother died when Anna was 9 years old. She lived with her uncle and took care of her uncle's children.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  132:   EDUCATION
    Learned to read and write mostly at home. Learned Bible history.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  142:  
    Mostly worked. "Learned how to work."
     
     


    Cassette Counter  144:   TICKET TO THE US
    Father's cousin came in 1913 from America and asked Anna if she wanted to go to the US. She was glad to go and get away from Finland. Ticket was $92.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  152:   CHRISTMAS
    Started around Thanksgiving time to kill sheep and store the meat for Christmas. Roasted some meat. Tree hung from the ceiling if there were small children around. Homemade decorations for the tree.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  169:  HARVEST
    After the grain harvest, the grain was ground for bread and for the animals. The horses had bread for a treat.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  181:   BAKED GOODS
    Sweet bread. Raisins and prunes to make sweet soup. Never saw cookies.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  190:   CHURCH
    Went to church at Christmas. Lutheran church. Mostly Lutheran and a few Baptist churches in Finland.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  195:   SCHOOL
    She described the ages that children go to school.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  208:  TRIP TO U.S.
    At age 13, she came to the U.S. with a cousin of her father's on November 24, 1913.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  217:   BOAT TRIP
    Sailed from Hangö in Finland. Changed boats at Liverpool, England. "Conrad."
     
     


    Cassette Counter  224:   BOAT TRIP
    Travel on the North Sea very bad. No food. Crawled along. Rough sea. Took 9 days to get across the Atlantic.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  239:   BUYING TICKET
    Took care of travel from Finland to Minnesota.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  244:   TRAVEL
    Stayed in Liverpool for 2 days. Mostly Swedish people around her. Cousin could read English which helped.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  261:   FAMILY
    Left behind a sister in Finland.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  268:  ELLIS ISLAND
    "Just Fine". One Italian lady had a knife around her neck - she was going to stab someone if they didn't change bunks. Stayed one night at Ellis Island.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  287:   FIRST IMPRESSIONS
    Not distorted by Ellis Island.
     
     
    104, side 1

    Cassette Counter  293:   TRAIN TRAVEL
    Food on the train. No trouble on the train.
     
     
    104, side 1

    Cassette Counter  301:   LUGGAGE
    Clothes and an old black scarf from the 1880's.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  307:  CHURCH
    In Finland, they always wore a black scarf when they went to church.
     
     
    104, side 1

    Cassette Counter  318:   MINNESOTA
    Arrived in Bemidji, Minn. in the evening. Went to her uncle's house.
     
     
    104, side 1

    Cassette Counter  332:  UNCLE'S WORK
    Sawmill workers made $1.75 in 1913. Uncle worked in Minnesota in the mills. This wasn't much to feed a family.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  341:   WORK
    Anna helped take care of children. Scrubbed clothes on a board. "Plain" food. She worked on a farm in the summer. She liked this.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  358:   SCHOOL
    Went to school some in Minnesota.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  368:  NAME CHANGE
    Her uncle's name was Emil Lund. Anna's name changed to Lund at Ellis Island because they didn't want the name Granlund.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  375:   SCHOOL
    Children didn't like foreigners at school who couldn't speak English. At first the teacher had Anna come after school from 3:00 - 4:30pm so she could get special help. Was a Norwegian school teacher.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  404:  LANGUAGE
    The language barrier was the most difficult thing in coming to America another was being lonesome. Many good opportunities in the U.S.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  416:   WOMEN
    In Finland, there different expectations of women. Women do very hard physical labor.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  425:   MOTHER
    Drowned in the river. There was a hole in the ice and she slipped through. No one saw her drown.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  440:   FATHER
    Sick for a long time. Died of appendicitis. Doctors in Finland could treat it. He was 31 when he died.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  454:   WORK
    Stayed with her uncle off and on until 1915, then she went to work for a lady who owned a boarding house. She cooked, cleaned, etc for $2.50 a week.
     
     
    104, side 1

    Cassette Counter  473:   WAR
    When the war broke out she quit the boarding house because the owner couldn't afford it anymore. Food was very high.
     
     
    104, side 1

    Cassette Counter  478:  WORK
    Went to work at a restaurant in Bemidji, Minnesota until 1920. Started at $6 a week with room & board. Made more by 1920.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  510:   MOVED
    Left Minnesota for the West Coast. Went to Canada to visit her Aunt who had brought her to the US. Took the train to Everett, WA.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  535:  WORK
    Started work in an Everett restaurant. Not hard to find work. Made wages of $3 a day.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  549:   UNIONS
    Way to make friends. Cooks and waitresses Union.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  562:   MARRIAGE
    Husband came from Alaska. He had been in the service in WWI. He found work on a fishing boat that went to Alaska.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  571:   HUSBAND
    She'd met him first in church in Minnesota. His name was Frank Johnson.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  587:  
    Married one and a half years after they met in Everett.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  592:   WEDDING
    Married in the pastor's parsonage. The witnesses were the only ones there. Pastor Pederson at the Mission Covenant Church.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  603:   CHURCH
    No Lutheran ministers in Everett at the time.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  611:   HUSBAND'S WORK
    Worked in a sawmill. Stayed in Everett until 1945. Came to Tacoma. Bought a share of Puget Sound Plywood Co. Worked there until his heart attack in 1953.
     
     
    104, side 2

    Cassette Counter  004:   CHILDREN
    Three - The oldest, Rudy Johnson was in WWII. He is now a pastor at Our Saviors Lutheran Church in Seaside, OR. He has four children. His wife's name is Ruth. They were married in the First Lutheran Church in Tacoma. His children are described below.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  016:  GRANDCHILDREN
    Gerald was in the service for 3 years. Now is a police captain in Greshem, OR.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  018:   GRANDCHILDREN
    Elaine graduated from Pacific Lutheran University. They live in Corvallis, OR. She is a teacher.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  021:  GRANDCHILDREN
    Kathryn is married and living in Portland, OR.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  026:   GRANDCHILDREN
    Clifford is a graduate of Pacific Lutheran University. Now an accountant in Portland, OR. He has 3 kids - all educated.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  035:  CHILDREN
    Roger Johnson: Bought their share of Puget Sound Plywood Co. He has three children. They live in Tacoma.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  042:  FAMILY LIFE
    Happy family life. Close ties to the church.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  045:   CHURCH
    Goes now to Emmanuel Lutheran Church. Very involved.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  050:  WIDOWS OF WWI
    President of this group. She gives talks to other chapters.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  057:  HUSBAND
    He was a deacon in the church. He had a Swedish background. She talks about her husband's mother & father.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  066:  FINNISH ORGANIZATIONS
    Order of Runneberg. She wasn't a member of this.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  073:  
    Member of the Vasa Lodge in Everett.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  076:  DEPRESSION
    Worked after she was married during the Depression. Mills down. She worked in restaurants.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  085:  CHILD-RAISING
    Was home when the children were home. Important for young children to have a home life.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  094:  
    Crime now because children have no one to turn to.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  100:   TRIPS TO FINLAND
    Went with her husband in 1954. Second time in 1967. Third 1969. Fourth 1975.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  105:   CHANGES
    Finland is very modern now. Oil heat. Hot & cold running water. Farm machinery. More modern buildings than here in the US.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  117:   TRAVEL
    Cheaper travel in Finland than in the US. Senior citizens get reduced rates.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  123:   FINLAND
    Modern restaurants - McDonalds. Travel safer in Finland - not so much fear as here in the US.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  128:  CHURCH
    Church background important to many in Finland. This reflects the ideals of the population.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  132:  EDUCATION
    Trade schools. It's free education. Can learn various trades.
     
     
    104, side 2

    Cassette Counter  145:   EDUCATION
    In Finland today it is compulsory to learn more than one language. Some know many languages. Swedish a basic language in Finland.
     
     
    104, side 2

    Cassette Counter  158:   AFTER WWII IN FINLAND
    Troubled times. People sharing food. Not much meat.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  167:   RUSSIA & FINLAND
    Russia now buys many things from Finland. Now friends with Russia. Have been wars between them for many years.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  174:   LANGUAGE
    Didn't teach her children Swedish. Now they have picked up some Swedish.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  185:  TRIP TO NORWAY
    Went in 1975 and visited some in-laws. She talks about her in-laws some.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  203:   HERITAGE
    Not ashamed to be Finnish. Still had contact with his brother-in-law in Finland.
     
     


    Cassette Counter  217:   SPOKEN SWEDISH
    She speaks in Swedish. Good example of the language.