The Washington Women's Heritage Project
was a state-wide grant project designed to stimulate awareness of Washington
women. The collection includes National Endowment for the Humanities grant
proposals, working notes, correspondence, western region budget records, travel
expenses, personnel files, planning reports, research topics and sources, slide
tape display records, oral history cassette tapes and transcriptions, publicity
and press releases, workshop information, display photographs and Whatcom
County Women's Network Newsletter.
Repository:
Western Washington University Center for Pacific Northwest Studies
Funding for preparing this
finding aid was provided through a grant awarded by the Washington State
Legislature to the Washington Women's History Consortium. Funding for encoding
the finding aid was awarded by the National Endowment for the
Humanities.
Historical Note
The Washington Women’s Heritage Project (WWHP) was a statewide grant
project funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities from 1980 to 1984.
The project’s goal was to “stimulate public awareness and interest in the lives
of women in Washington State, as well as to involve them in their respective
communities, discovering and documenting their diverse heritage.” The project
originated in the late 1970’s and early 1980’s when women’s history and women’s
studies emerged as legitimate areas of study at many United States colleges and
universities. The idea for this project originated with a graduate student in
the history department at Western Washington University and was endorsed by
Kathryn Anderson, a women’s studies professor in Western’s Fairhaven
College.
The project was a statewide effort based at four regional centers. The
Northwest center was located at Western Washington University which was also
the administrative hub of the project. The project director, Kathryn Anderson,
who coordinated the four offices and managed the grants was located at the NW
center with Cynthia Cornell as the coordinator for the NW office. The Seattle
center was located at the University of Washington with Susan Starbuck as its
coordinator. Margot Knight coordinated the Eastern Washington center which was
located at Washington State University in Pullman. The Southwest center of the
project was coordinated by Laura O’Brady and was located at Evergreen State
College in Olympia. Participation in this project went beyond the four offices
affiliated with higher education to include many women’s groups, historical
societies, and other community members interested in integrating women’s
history into the traditional historical record.
The project resulted in a traveling exhibit that consisted of a
photograph panel display, a corresponding brochure, and a slide-tape show. The
photograph display consisted of twelve 4’x 8’ panels that each had a different
theme. David Jensen designed and supervised the printing and layout of the
panels so that the resulting exhibit allowed the “materials their greatest
possible impact.” The photo display also consisted of a local panel for each
display site which consisted of photos and text distinct to that location. This
panel changed with each new stop of the tour.
The slide-tape show was a 13 1/2 minute production that combined 14
audio segments from the oral histories gathered as part of the project with
over 130 photographs. The show portrayed three aspects of Washington women’s
work: 1) housework, 2) wage work, and 3) community work. The themes were tied
together with brief narration and an original song by Linda Allen entitled
“Here’s to the Women.”
In order to create this exhibit the project staff collected
photographs from around the state from archives, museums, and private
collections. They trained over 300 people statewide how to conduct oral history
interviews through a series of workshops and then utilized the resulting oral
histories to document women’s history in Washington. These oral histories were
conducted with women from a variety of backgrounds including immigrants, Native
Americans, farm wives, factory workers, women with higher education, and women
involved in civic activities. They also combed archival material to get
information on women’s activities in clubs, public schools and politics.
Overall, this was an ambitious project that culminated in an exhibit
which traveled to 31 different locations over a 2 year span. The exhibit was
also featured at three national conferences in 1982-1983, thus allowing a large
number of people to be exposed to women’s history in Washington State. In
addition to the exhibit several scholarly papers, panels, and workshops
developed out of the project.
Content Description
The materials generated by the Washington Women’s Heritage Project
have been donated to five different locations, including the four regional
repositories along with the exhibit’s placement at the Washington State
Historical Society in Tacoma. The items in this part of the collection include
all of the records generated from the Northwest center of the project, located
at Western Washington University, which includes the grant administration
records, the final report of the project, and numerous parts of the exhibit
development process. The records cover the project from 1979-1984, however, the
bulk of the records are from the years 1980-1983. Also included in the records
are photographs and negatives from various repositories that span the
1890s-1940s.
Use of the Collection
Restrictions on Access :
The collection is open to the public.
Preferred Citation :
Washington Women's Heritage Project Records, Center for Pacific
Northwest Studies, Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225
Administrative Information
Arrangement :
The Washington Women's Heritage Project Records are organized
according to the following series and sub-series arrangement:
Series I: Final Report, 1983-1984
Subseries 1. Drafts
Subseries 2. Planning
Subseries 3. Correspondence Regarding the Final Report
Series II: Grant Administration, 1979-1984
Subseries 1. Grants
Subseries 2. Correspondence
Subseries 3. Financial/Legal
Subseries 4. Personnel
Subseries 5. Organization
Series III: Exhibit, 1890s (photographs)-1987
Subseries 1. Planning
Subseries 2. Production
Subseries 3. Display
Subseries 4. Publicity
Subseries 5. Handbook
Subseries 6. Workshops
Subseries 7. Scrapbook
Series IV: Oral Histories, 1972-1981
Subseries 1. Interview Format and Procedure
Subseries 2. Abstracts of Transcript/Summary Files
Subseries 3. Audio Cassette Recordings
Custodial History :
The records from the Washington Women's Heritage Project were donated
to the Center for Pacific Northwest Studies in 1998 by Kathryn Anderson.
Processing Note :
The records have been handled several times since being donated to the
Center for Pacific Northwest Studies, therefore the original order is
uncertain. In processing this collection the materials have been transferred to
acid free file folders and boxes. Photographs and negatives were placed in
protective sleeves for preservation purposes. The materials initially fell into
three series: the final report, grant administration, and the exhibit. In 2004,
Amber Raney re-engineered the collection to reflect standards set for the
Northwest Digital Archives (NWDA) consortium. At this time the materials were
reorganized in order to create the fourth series - Oral Histories.
Separated Materials :
For additional items generated by this project contact the Manuscript
collection at Suzzalo Library at the University of Washington, Manuscript
Archives and Special Collections at Holland Library at Washington State
University, the State Archives in Olympia, or the Washington State Historical
Society in Tacoma.
Detailed Description of the Collection
The following section contains a detailed listing of the materials in
the collection.
Series I : Final Report , 1983-1984
Container(s)
Description
Dates
Sub-series
1:
Drafts
1983
Box/Folder
1/1
Final report draft
1983
1/2
Final report
1983
Sub-series 2: Planning
1983
Box/Folder
1/3
Publications created by the Washinton Women's Heritage
Project
1983
1/4
Aberdeen materials for Final Report
1983
1/5
Bellevue and Bremerton materials for Final
Report
1983
1/6
Bellingham materials for Final Report
1983
1/7
Chimacum materials for Final Report
1983
1/8
Olympia materials for Final Report
1983
1/9
Pullman materials for Final Report
1983
1/10
Seattle budget summary
1983
1/11
Seattle materials for Final Report (1 of
2)
1983
1/12
Seattle materials for Final Report (2 of
2)
1983
2/1
Tacoma materials for Final Report
1983
2/2
Vancouver materials for Final Report
1983
Sub-series
3: Correspondence re. Final Report
1984
Box/Folder
2/3
Letter of receipt and acceptance of Final Report by
the National Endowment for the Humanties
January 1980-January 1981 ; July 1981-December 1981
7/2
Evaluation Article (Psychological Layout)
1976
7/3
Exhibit Insurance
1981
7/4
In-House Communication
1980-1982
7/5
Meetings, Agendas, and Timelines
1981
7/6
Organizational Meetings
1980
Research
Box/Folder
7/7
Archival Sources- Inventory to AAUW Collection at
CPNWS
June 1987
7/8
Archival Sources (Not Published)
Undated
7/9
Archival Sources (Published)
Undated
7/10
Article- “The Challenge of Women’s History” by Sue
Armitage
1980
7/11
Article- “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical
Reproductions” by Walter Benjamin
Undated
7/12
Mary Cain’s Photography Article
1980
7/13
Original Panel Quotes
Undated
7/14
Other Research Materials
Undated
7/15
References- Related Projects
Undated
7/16
Re: Community Building and Research
Undated
7/17
Research Topics
Undated
7/18
Rural Women Contact File
Undated
7/19
Skagit County Project
1980
Slide/Tape
Development
Box/Folder
8/1
Contact Xeroxes (1 of 3)
Undated
8/2
Contact Xeroxes (2 of 3),
Undated
8/3
Contact Xeroxes (3 of 3)
Undated
8/4
Correspondence, Publicity and General
Information
Undated
8/5
David Current (Slide-Tape Designer)
1981
8/6
Equipment
Undated
8/7
Format
1981
8/8
Narration Materials
Undated
8/9
Presentation Letters of Request
Undated
8/10
Quotes
Undated
8/11
Slide Presentation Reservation Calendars
Undated
8/12
Weekly Reports
1981
8/13
“Working and Caring a Photographic Exhibit”
Undated
Sub-series
2: Production
1981-1982
Design
Box/Folder
9/1
Design Material
Undated
9/2
Exhibit Brochure
Undated
9/3
Exhibit Designer- David Jensen
Undated
9/4
Exhibit Evaluation and Guestbook
1981-1982
9/5
Exhibit Producers (Applications for)
1981
9/6
Jensen Exhibit System
Undated
9/7
Master Logo
Undated
9/8
Outline of Exhibit
Undated
Sub-series
3: Display
Researchers should note that photocopies
of images used in the slide/tape section of the WWHP exhibit duplicate other
photographic prints from the WWHP (also contained in this collection). These
are accompanied by more description than the original prints.
ca. 1890's-1981
Contact Sheets of Negatives
circa 1890s-1940s
Box/Folder
9/9
Anacortes Museum of History & Art
9/10
Everett Public Library
9/11
Island Co. Historical Society
9/12
Other Sources
9/13
Skagit Co. Historical Museum
9/14
Unknown Sources (1 of 2)
9/15
Unknown Sources (2 of 2)
9/16
Whatcom Museum
Box/Folder
9/17
Documentation of Photo Sources
Undated
9/18
Documentation Re: Photo Selection
Undated
9/19
Lists of Materials Missing from Washington Women's
Heritage Project Panels
Undated
9/20
Local Panel- Bellingham
Undated
9/21
Local Panel- La Conner
Undated
Negatives (Copy
Negatives)
circa 1890s-1940s
Box/Folder
10/1
Center for Pacific Northwest Studies
10/2
Unknown Sources
Negatives (35mm)
circa 1890s-1940s
Box/Folder
10/3
Center for Pacific NW Studies
10/4
Everett Public Library
10/5
Island Co. Historical Society
10/6
San Juan Island Historical Society
10/7
Skagit County Historical Museum
10/8
Unknown Sources
10/9
Whatcom Museum
10/10
Photo Duplication and Use, Rules and Fees (various
repositories)
1980-1981
10/11
Photocopies of potential images for Photo
Panels
Undated
10/12
Photographs of Display Panels
Undated
10/13
Photographs of Finished Panels (except Panel #6 and
#7)
Undated
10/14
Photographs of Washington Women's Heritage Project
Meeting
Undated
Photo List with Possible
Corresponding Quotes
Box/Folder
10/15
Family/Kin
Undated
10/16
Home to Work
Undated
10/17
Housework
Undated
10/18
Social Reform
Undated
10/19
Women and Children
Undated
10/20
Women Doing What Needed to be Done
Undated
10/21
Women Together
Undated
10/22
Photos, negatives and copies from images displayed on
Photo Panels (“Panels #2-#12”)
Undated
10/23
Photo Project Notebook
Undated
Photo Index Cards
(3x5)
circa 1890s-1940s
Box/Folder
11/1
Anacortes Museum of History & Art
11/2
Center for Pacific NW Studies
11/3
Everett Community College
11/4
Everett Public Library
11/5
Island Co. Historical Society
11/6
Jefferson Co. Historical Museum
11/7
Lopez Island Historical Museum
11/8
San Juan Historical Society
11/9
Skagit Co. Historical Museum
11/10
Snohomish Co. Historical Society
11/11
Snohomish Co. Museum
12/1
Whatcom Museum of History & Art
12/2
Other Repositories
12/3
Unknown Sources
Photo Index Cards
(4x6)
circa 1890s-1940s
Box/Folder
13/1
Anacortes Museum of History & Art
13/2
Boeing Archives
13/3
Center for Pacific NW Studies
13/4
Everett Public Library
13/5
Island County Historical Society
13/6
Jefferson Co. Historical Museum
13/7
Lopez Island Historical Museum
13/8
San Juan Historical Society
13/9
Skagit Co. Historical Museum
13/10
STPA
13/11
Washington St. Historical Society
13/12
Whatcom Museum of History & Art
13/13
Other Repositories
13/14
Unknown Sources
Photo Xeroxes
Box/Folder
14/1
Other Photos
Undated
14/2
Photos Considered for Exhibit and Slide
Show
Undated
14/3
Photo Selection
Undated
14/4
Portraits
Undated
14/5
Women Working
Undated
Printed
Materials
Box/Folder
14/6
Quotes for Photo Captions
1981
14/7
Text for Photo Panels (1 of 3)
1981
14/8
Text for Photo Panels (2 of 3)
1981
14/9
Text for Photo Panels (3 of 3)
1981
Prints (8x10)
circa 1890s-1940s
Box/Folder
15/1
Cowlitz Co. Historical Society
15/2
Everett Public Library
15/3
From Lucile Mason
1900-1912
15/4
Jefferson Co. Historical Society
15/5
Lopez Island Historical Museum
15/6
San Juan Historical Museum
15/7
Skagit Co. Historical Museum
15/8
Unknown Sources (1 of 4)
15/9
Unknown Sources (2 of 4)
15/10
Unknown Sources (3 of 4)
15/11
Unknown Sources (4 of 4)
15/12
Unknown Sources ("labeled not WWHP")
15/13
Washington State Historical Society
15/14
Washington State University (1 of 2)
15/15
Washington State University (2 of 2)
15/16
Whatcom Museum (1 of 2)
15/17
Whatcom Museum (2 of 2)
16/1
Prints (5x7) - Unknown Sources
circa 1890s-1940s
16/2
Prints (4x5) - Unknown Sources
circa 1890s-1940s
Slide/Tape
Program
Box/Folder
16/3
Photos Under Consideration – Photocopies (1 of
3)
circa 1890s-1940s
16/4
Photos Under Consideration – Photocopies (2 of 3)
circa 1890s-1940s
16/5
Photos Under Consideration – Photocopies (3 of 3)
circa 1890s-1940s
16/6
Script
October 1982
16/7
Script and Outline- Various Drafts
1981
Sub-series
4: Publicity
1980-1982
Box/Folder
17/1
Bellingham
1980
17/2
Brochure Text
Undated
17/3
Calendar of Events
1982
17/4
Information from Public Relations Offices in Tacoma,
Seattle, and Bellevue
1981-1982
17/5
“Labyrinth” Newsletters (layout & final copy)
Undated
17/6
Newsletters
1980-1984
17/7
Newspaper Articles and Clippings
1980-1981
17/8
Other Printed Materials
1980-1981
17/9
“Pandora a Washington Women’s News Journal”
1977-1978
17/10
Policy
Undated
17/11
Posters, Fliers, Brochures, Etc.
1981-1982
17/12
Press Contacts
Undated
17/13
Press Releases and Public Appearances
1980-1982 (bulk 1982)
17/14
Pullman
1980
17/15
Skagit County
1980
Sub-series
5: Handbook
1982
Box/Folder
17/16
Project Handbook
1982
17/17
Project Handbook (extra copies of various
sections)
Oral History Workshops and Guidelines - Eastern
Washington
Undated
19/9
Workshop - Oral History Workshop by Margot Knight
1979-1980
Sub-series
2: Abstracts of Transcript/Summary
Files
1972-1981
Box/Folder
19/10
Adams, Julia:
interviewed by Kathy Bruneau
Note: Interview summarized. No
transcript. Geographic Locations: Chicago,
Illinois, Louisville, Kentucky, and Ketchikan, Alaska, Masset, BC Subjects: family life, child-care,
child custody issues, divorce and occupations: housekeeping, secretary,
realtor, and hospital volunteer, the War Bride’s Act, and eloping.
July 1, 1980
19/11
Baijot, Joan:
interviewed by Rachel Tanner
Note: Interview summarized. No
transcript. Geographic Locations: Alaska,
SeattleSubjects: family heritage, (Mother
is a Tlingit Indian, Father is Norwegian) raising her siblings, boarding school
memories, caring for her mother and family relations, life in rural Alaska and
Seattle. Also: Gaining independence as a woman, feelings and introspections
about being a woman. Other topics mentioned in the interview include: illness,
hypnotism, fear of flying, and women's liberation.
Undated
19/12
Bailey, Elizabeth:
interviewed by Kathryn Anderson
Note: Interview Summary and Full
Transcript Included. Geographic Locations: Danvers,
Minnesota; Norway; Ferndale, WashingtonSubjects: family's migration to the
west, rural farming in Whatcom County, childbirth, illegitimate children,
family relations, family illness, electricity in the house, school, sports, and
childhood memories with good description of the different kinds of
entertainment and social events of rural life in the early 1900s, Indian and
settler relations, Frank Hillaire's fish business, and Indians in fishing
industry, the Great Depression, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) road
projects, and women's work during World War II. Organizations: Young Mothers, Farm
Bureau Women, the Republican Party, the school board, the Parent Teacher
Association (PTA), and church related clubs
July 1, 1980
19/13
Booman, Florence:
interviewed by Ande Case
Note: Transcript notes missing or
not included in file. Two interviews, no date on second interview. Geographic Locations: Holland;
Germany; Milwaukee; Minnesota; Seattle; Bellingham; Wenatchee; Columbia
ValleySubjects: Farming, family history,
gold mining, trappers, hunters, romantic associations with mining, Balfour
Quarry, hazardous mining conditions, Native Americans, Indian life in Marietta,
Bow Farm, Carnegie public libraries, Lynden Library, Whatcom County Library
System, children's literature, bookmobiles, libraries and literacy, stereotypes
of librarians, philology, ethnobotany, pre-science age, science and technology,
science fiction, religions: the Bahai Faith, Methodist Church “Conference on
the Status of Women”, women’s work, politics between the sexes, women’s
liberation, and schools: Normal School, one room school houses, Kendall School,
Bennett School, schoolteachers, school conditions in mining towns in rural
Washington. Organizations: Garden Club, Red
Cross, Public Library Board of Directors, United Nations
February 3, 1981
19/14
Bloedel, Alice:
interviewed by Kathryn Anderson
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcript. Geographic Locations: Germany;
Madrid, Spain; El Paso, Texas; Kansas; Wisconsin; Montgomery, Alabama; Idaho;
Spokane, and Bellingham, Washington. Subjects: Early memories of World
War Two, tensions between her parents about whether or not to become Nazi
supporters, Gestapo, controversial marriages, work on Nazi farms in rural
Germany, foster families, school memories, family relations and estrangement,
and life in war torn Germany, immigration, the U.S. Air Force, women’s
independence, Bloedel mill relatives, women’s occupations such as: Tupperware
sales, woman insurance agents, childbirth conditions, birth control, raising a
family, women's liberation, racial incidents, divorce, and thoughts on being a
grandmother.
March 20, 1980
19/15
Cable, Margaret:
interviewed by Kathy Bruneau
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcription. Geographic Locations: Jamestown;
Sequim, Washington Subjects: Life in Jamestown,
all-Indian communities, the Clallum Tribe, family life, marriage, pregnancy,
housework, crafts: basket weaving, braided rug making, diseases: small pox and
chicken pox white settlers brought and spread to the Indians, disease and
infant mortality, making crab traps, boathouses, canoe storage; recreation:
games, dancing, sailing, religion: Shaker Church community; illness, vivid
dreams, English language enforcement at school, forgetting of the Native Indian
language. Organizations: Eagles
club
August 6, 1980
19/16
Clancy, Alberta:
interviewed by Stephanie Kresge
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcript. Interview forms/notes missing or not includedGeographic Locations: Poplar, and
Great Falls, Montana; Fort Pect Indian Reservation; Seattle, Bellingham,
Washington Subjects: Family history, Irish
Catholics, peasants, pregnancy, Ku Klux Klan activity, mentorship of nuns,
women's liberation, women’s clothing, occupations: housekeeping, store clerks,
working at Boeing during WWII, education, teaching, rural life, attitudes
towards teaching as a career, Fairhaven College, and religion.
June 6, 1979
19/17
Celestine,
Aurellia: interviewed by Kathy Bruneau
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcription. Geographic Locations: Jamestown;
Lummi; Marietta, Nooksack, Sequim, Milton, Washington Subjects: Indian villages, local
Native American history, the Indian Relocation Act, Elwha Indians, and Indian
mill workers in Marietta, forced religion: Catholics, Shakers; childrearing,
education, mission schools: Tulalip Mission School, Cushmen School, Nooksack
Stickney Island school, Chemawa, and St. George School, Franciscan nuns, Sawnee
tribe in Victoria, BC, Lummi Nation, wedding ceremonies, midwifery and
childbirth, measles outbreaks, transportation, animal husbandry, house and farm
work, Puyallup hop picking, fish and other food preparation, cooking, canning,
household chores, sewing children's clothing; recreation: Native crafts, basket
making, Indian Pow-wows, fourth of July events, visiting at Neah Bay, dances,
Lummi, Stomish, Joe Hillaire teaches children how to dance, learning and
teaching traditional Indian songs and art forms, dances, “Warm Springs
Indians”; Indian languages: Clallum, Semiahmoo, and Lummi; land claims at
Tulalip Indian Agency, receiving Indian names, and gambling.
July 23, 1980
19/18
Colfax, Lynda:
interviewed by Kathy Bruneau
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcription. Geographic Locations: Neah BaySubjects: Deah and Makah Indians,
Nootka Indians, Canadian Klaquot Band, Clallum Indian-chief of the Pishk Tribe,
Native American Indian Councils; family relations, salmon and other food
preparation, eating habits, fishing conditions; traditional Indian crafts:
basket making, marriage, children, childhood, midwifery, healing arts,
religion, nursing relatives, traditional Indian songs, ceremonies, importance
of passing along the lineage to future generations.
August 27, 1980
19/19
Cochran, Mary
Ellen: interviewed by Kathy Bruneau
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcription. Geographic Locations: Montana;
Seattle, Tacoma, WashingtonSubjects: Growing up during the
Great Depression, Flathead Native American Indians, French Canadian-Indians,
First Nations, family rules and customs, the Works Progress Administration
(WPA), hunger, bootlegging, recreation, racial diversity, Indian drinking
habits in Pioneer Square, USO Clubs and dances, covered wagons, homesteading, ,
Buffalo round-ups and roasts, religions: catholic, sex education.
September 3, 1980
19/20
Dan, Bertha:
interviewed by Kathy Bruneau
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcript. Geographic Locations: La Connor,
Tulalip, Anacortes, Eastern and Western Washington Subjects: Life in rural La Connor,
Washington, Swinomish Indian Reservation, homesteading, farming, trading,
wool-trading, water conditions, land, childhood games, fruit trees, fishing,
"Ashes" bread making, and other food preparation, memories of grandparents,
school memories, punishment for speaking Indian language at school,
interrelatedness of Salish Indian languages, canoe transportation, poor medical
conditions, recreation, canoe races, basketball; crafts: basket making; sex
education, chores, family punishments, learning to drive automobiles,
employment history: hospital work, retirement home, cannery and farm work,
fishing laws and shortages, traditions of sharing fish with Indian Elders,
relations between Native American Elders and youth.
September 5, 1980
19/21
Dash, Elsie:
interviewed by Kathy Bruneau
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcript. File was restricted until 2001. Geographic Locations: Port
Townsend; Canary Islands; Portugal; South America; Hawaii; WashingtonSubjects: Life during the Great
Depression as a child of mixed descent: Clallum Indian and Portuguese,
childhood traumas, and strained family relations, foster homes, Catholic nuns,
baptism, language difficulties, sea life, smokehouses, food preparation,
origins of Shaker Church religion, family responsibilities, taking care of
developmentally delayed brother, marriage, divorce, illness, depression,
education, Native American Tribal Council, Small Tribes of Western Washington,
National Congress of American Indians. Organizations: Small Tribes of
Western Washington, National Congress of American Indians
September 6, 1980
19/22
Elenbaas, Jennie:
interviewed by Kathryn Anderson
Note: Interview Summarized.
Interview has full transcript. Geographic Locations: Holland;
Detroit, Michigan; Vancouver, BC; Everson, Washington Subjects: Family immigration from
Holland, housework, farming, midwifery, migration west from Michigan by train
for "golden opportunity" that was promised by land agents in the Midwest, Dutch
language and barriers when moved to WA, gender roles relating to chores, sewing
since childhood; occupations: sewing; meat preparation, canning, cheese making,
Bellingham roads made of split logs, Guide Meridian description, food
harvesting and storage, bread making, recreation including hayrides, camping,
singing, church activities; farm equipment, school memories, dating,
correspondence with husband when he was in Navy, mothering, child birth, child
rearing, flu epidemic after WWI, illness, women’s hairstyles and reputation,
hair care, women socializing.
July 16, 1980
19/23
Frank, Mary:
interviewed by Kathy Bruneau
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcript. WWHP Forms Missing. Geographic Locations: Nisqually,
Puyallup, Tacoma, Olympia, Roy, Cushman, Washington; Frank’s Landing Subjects: Life in the
Nisqually-Puyallup area, and Nez Perce Indian Reservation, migrant work: berry
and hop picking in Nisqually, life at Mud Bay (Oyster Bay), boarding schools,
women Indian Elders doing field work, picking crops; babysitting, Tribal
registration, illness, strained family relations, foster care, Juvenile Hall
(Washington State Department of Social and Health Services?), latch-key
children, improper doctor-patient interactions, improper burials, marital
problems, divorce; recreation, Frank's Landing, army destroying land at Frank's
Landing, Indian names, lineages, Native American traditional crafts, basket
making, closeness with relatives, religion (Shaker), traditional marriage,
Indian names, Shoalwater-land base, reservation organization controversy,
Native American Indian history.
August 20, 1980
19/24
Friend, Verna:
interviewed by Kathryn Anderson
Note: Interview Summarized. Full
Transcript Included. Geographic Locations: Whatcom
County; Missouri; Florida Subjects: Good description of family and farm life in Sumas;
rural Whatcom County in the early 1900s; homesteading, childbirth, child
rearing, illnesses, recreation, gardening, food preparation, farming, chores,
and equipment as well as children's activities, games, social life, marriage,
4-H involvement, cooking, and home economics Organizations: 4-H
July 31, 1980 ; August 1, 1980
19/25
George, Louisa:
interviewed by Linda Allen
Note: Interview Summarized. Full
Transcription Included. Geographic Locations: Whatcom
County, Nooksack, Goshen, Yakima, Seattle, Washington Subjects: Nooksack Tribe, Indian
boarding school Stickney Home School, Native American Indian relations with
white settlers, arranged marriage, divorce, starvation, tuberculosis,
childbirth, poverty, infant mortality, Indian gambling, Pow-wows, Native
American traditional song and dance, crafts, and ceremonies. Descriptions of
face painting, bone games, and other rituals, religion; Christianity,
Pentecostal Church, Methodists, Shakers, translation of Christian hymns into
Native American languages (Chiliwack, Skagit) inherited ancestral Native songs,
difficulty of communicating family songs, work; logging, farming, cooking,
migrant labor, and agricultural work.
October 22, 1980
19/26
George, Louisa:
interviewed by Kathy Bruneau
Note: Interview Summarized. Full
Transcription Included. Geographic Locations: Whatcom
County, Nooksack, Goshen, Yakima, Seattle, WashingtonSubjects: Nooksack Tribe, Indian
boarding school Stickney Home School, Native American Indian relations with
white settlers, arranged marriage, divorce, starvation, tuberculosis,
childbirth, poverty, infant mortality, Indian gambling, Pow-wows, Native
American traditional song and dance, crafts, and ceremonies. Descriptions of
face painting, bone games, and other rituals, religion; Christianity,
Pentecostal Church, Methodists, Shakers, translation of Christian hymns into
Native American languages (Chiliwack, Skagit) inherited ancestral Native songs,
difficulty of communicating family songs, work; logging, farming, cooking,
migrant labor, and agricultural work
July 18, 1980
19/27
Glass, Eva:
interviewed by Kathryn Anderson
Note: Interview Summarized; two
copies-one with notations. No Transcript. Geographic Locations: Montesano,
Hoquiam, Elma, Satsop, Tacoma, BurlingtonSubjects: Divorce, foster care,
death, step father's alcoholism, tense relations with father, chores,
pregnancy, infant mortality, marriage, flu epidemic of 1918, relations with
neighbors, haying, farm work, food preparation, measles and rubella outbreak,
"acid hives", Recreation, dances, Lynden veterans post, women's
roles-agricultural extension service-bookkeeping, gardening. Household
appliances, chores, sewing, daughter's occupations, dancing Organizations: Home Demonstration
Club, Goodwill Club, Laurel Grange Hall.
August 4, 1980
19/28
Gloman, Evelyn:
interviewed by Joanna Sigler
Note: No Summary Included. No
Transcript.
November 29, 1980
20/1
Hamer, Inga and
Francis Richard: interviewed by Sheri
Decker
Note: Rough Questionnaire Included.
No Summary or Transcript. Interview covers household tasks, mainly canning and
food preparation techniques. Sheri Decker’s work, which she chose to do without
a tape recorder, is included in its entirety. Also included are another
interviewer’s comments about the challenges of conducting an interview for an
oral history project.
Undated
20/2
Hammes, Jennifer:
interviewed by Cathy Carulli
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcription. WWHP forms missing or not included. Geographic Locations: Copper
Mountain; Winchester; GlacierSubjects: Family (Millie and Norman
Pratt) were prospectors, hunters, mountaineers. Parents opened a cookhouse
mainly catering to firefighters in 1924. Worked in forest service as a "fire
lookout" at Copper Mountain and in Winchester ranger station, look out for
Japanese fighter planes, code work, contact with Church Mountain, isolation,
women in forestry, packing in their own food and supplies, cooking, sacred
feeling of nature, scared of heights, wanting to be brave--Mt. Redoubt, Mt.
Challenger, astronomy, artists, restoration of Winchester ranger station,
mentions her father's friend Joe Galbraith an old hunter and prospector, talks
about people she knew in Glacier, Bennet family, description of prospector's
cabins, Lone Jack goldmine, digging latrines on Winchester trails, women
friends would visit
July 1, 1980
20/3
Haskins, Delia and
Rose Senior: interviewed by Kathy
Bruneau
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcript. Geographic Locations: Quipper,
Vancouver; Tulalip; Vancouver Island; Chemawa, OregonSubjects: Conversation was recorded
between two women who worked at the Lummi Senior Center. Discussion focuses
upon school, childhood, housework, church life, transportation, locations:
Quipper, Vancouver, religious schools, crafts: spinning wool, knitting,
arranged marriage, Tulalip boarding school, Vancouver Island, Chemawa, Oregon,
importance of church in people's lives, discussion about intermarriage.
July 23, 1980
20/4
Hovde, Jane:
interviewed by Elaine Horn
Note: Interview has full
transcript. WWHP forms missing or not included. Geographic Locations: Bellingham,
Mt. Vernon, Stanwood, Camano Island, Blakely Island, Chuckanut Island,
Chuckanut Bay, San Juan Islands, Olympic Peninsula, Bellingham, VancouverSubjects: Interview covers Hovde's
artistic background from childhood through adulthood, family history in
Bellingham, Mt. Vernon, Stanwood, Camano Island, educational
background-University of Washington Northwest artists- teachers: Ambrose
Patterson, Mark Tobey, Walter Isaacs, and Jack Shadbolt. Interview mainly
focuses on Hovde's description and critique of her art work, feelings about
what it means to be an artist, process, style, definition of Northwest art,
Northwest School: subject matter, colors and color association, connections
with nature, birds, and environment, studied at Art Students League. Inspired
by Joyce Carey, Buddhist philosophy, travels to Italy as a painter, talks about
the painting form Abstract Expressionism, shows in Bellingham, painting Lummi
Native American Indian fishing nets, talks about her various paintings,
environmentalism, Vietnam war, use of poetry to influence painting, art
competitions, Seattle Art Museum, Whatcom Museum of History& Art, politics
of portraiture, the illustration process, use of studio painting. A biography
about Jane Hovde has been included as the last page of transcript. Folder also
contains two copies of a publication about Hovde's work with photographs of her
paintings. Booklets were produced by the Whatcom Museum of History & Art.
July 28, 1972
20/5
H____, Ann
[pseudonym]: interviewed by Claudia Semar
Note: Interview Summarized and
Transcribed. Materials were restricted until 1993. Tapes have been destroyed at
the request of the narrator. In the case of publication, interviewee requests
that names mentioned in the interview be changed to pseudonyms. Geographic Locations:
Austria-Hungary; New York, NY; Pennsylvania; California; BellinghamSubjects: Immigrant woman's life
experiences in the United States. Earliest memories of Austria-Hungary to the
age of 84 in Bellingham, WA, her life illustrates the burden of loneliness of
an immigrant woman without sufficient language skills to develop a support
system in a foreign and changing environment, isolation and loneliness, marital
struggles, feelings of estrangement, The Great Depression, fears of removal of
her eight children by the state. She discusses her lack of faith in her husband
for financial support should she leave him, and an inability to substantiate
whether her life experiences were common to other women of her age and class.
Her contact with other women was limited by her fears of state reprisals should
the authorities become informed of the family conditions.
July 2, 1980
20/6
Lawrence, Arta:
interviewed by Linda Mariz
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcript. Geographic Locations: Olympia,
Tenino, Bellingham, Davenport, Cheney, Marietta. Outside of WA: San Jose,
California; LaGrande, Oregon Subjects: Interview begins with
memories of Lawrence's teacher and pioneer parents who migrated to Washington
Territory in 1888 from Ohio. Interview continues with family history in
Davenport, WA., school, family finances, Normal School, University of
Washington, teaching degree, library science degree, women in advanced
education, educational theory, Progressive Education Movement, influenced by
Horace Mann, John Dewey. Intuitive teaching (not from books) including more of
the arts, teaching in rural areas. Standardized testing member of the 20th
Century Club in Bellingham, mentions Helen Keller guest lecturer at Beck's
Theater. Women's Suffrage, Tuskegee Singers, Booker T. Washington's visits,
racial issues, Judge Lindsey's visit, gangs, lecture by Senator LaFollettes,
relations between WWU and the Bellingham community, YWCA and affiliations with
WWU, Seabeck summer camp/YWCA, Easter Seal Society member and fundraiser,
Senior Activities Program formed from ESS, grant agencies, Senior Citizen's
Center, other services for the elderly…White House Conference on Aging, reports
on nursing homes in Whatcom County, social services in Whatcom County,
philanthropic activities in Bellingham, development of the orthopedic wing of
St. Joseph's Hospital.
July 18, 1980
20/7
Leppala,
Emma
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcript. WWHP forms missing or not included in folder. Geographic Locations: Detroit,
Michigan; Finland Subjects: Immigrant parents from
Finland, memories of childhood illness, father's lung disease from mine work,
descriptions of farm and home life, teaching, education, midwifery, childbirth,
memories of her mother, school memories, ideas about illness and not being able
to get a husband, encouraged by mother, moved to Detroit, occupations: domestic
work, child care-during the Great Depression: factory working conditions,
women's work, roles during marriage, housewife, discouraged to express emotions
of anger, history of husband's family who also came from Finland, description
of husband's job history; factory work in Detroit, welder at Ford, pregnancy,
conflicts between she and her husband about childrearing. Discusses memories of
raising her children, belonging to "Mother Singers" choir group, domestic work
as full time occupation, work at Jewish Community Center's summer camp, and
child development studies at Wayne State University. In Bellingham, worked at
Home Base Care Project, surveying needs of elderly people, census work, and day
care. Discusses women's liberation, job discrimination, thoughts about the
abortion issue, and problems with hysterectomy (performed by woman
gynecologist); ties her large blood loss to her grief over the death of JFK,
brother's cancer, psycho-somatic illnesses associated with siblings illnesses.
Member of "Recovery, Inc." self help program, use of community involvement to
help herself by helping others.
June 10, 1980
20/8
Mason, Lucille:
interviewed by Kass Friend
Note: Includes one transcript from
each interview, and one edited transcript of May 10, 1979 interview. Geographic Locations: Freedonia
(located between Burlington and Anacortes), Skagit County, Mount VernonSubjects: Begins with Mason's
memories of her grandparents (German Immigrants), migration from New Jersey to
Inglewood, Washington with 13 children in 1889 near Lake Sammamish. Tells about
transportation to Seattle by boat. Uncle settled in what was Freedonia, between
Burlington and Anacortes. Mother (dressmaker), Father (teacher), home
schooling, home made clothing, memories of one room school house and having her
father as her teacher, education in Skagit County, Mount Vernon, women's higher
education, discussion about women's colleges, teaching botany, micro-biology
while raising a child, being pregnant while teaching: unusual. Discussion of
tension during WWII when schools attendance was down because west coast so
close to Japan. Discusses "box socials", fundraising for charity, sex
education, attitudes about sex, birth control, incest, pre-marital relations,
monetary discrimination for female teachers, suffrage amendment, voting rights,
alternatives women's roles, discussion about life pre welfare, charity, poor
farm, women's social customs, talks about her relationship with son, David
Mason - former Fairhaven College professor.
May 24, 1979
20/9
Melcher, Genevieve
Maurine: interviewed by Lynn Dunlap
Note: Edited transcription
Included. Geographic Locations: Fairhaven,
Fort Bellingham, Lummi Island, Spokane, Tonasket Subjects: Father worked on "Indian
Territory" Survey, building wooden streets in Fairhaven, Fort Bellingham,
gardening, food production, cannery work, homesteading Lummi Island, mother's
childbirth, emotional breakdown, poverty, illness: alcoholism, consumption,
typhoid fever, migration to Bellingham by train, pioneers, description of
dwellings, agriculture, nature, Indian/Settler relations, school memories, 1920
influenza epidemic, use of derogatory comments and terms for Japanese, Native
Americans, teaching career, Spokane, Tonasket, mining, ran a resort. Canadian
patrons receded during WWII; bankruptcy. A booklet called "The Lummi Island
Story" by Frank M. Taft is also included in folder.
July 19, 1980
20/10
Morford, Rose:
interviewed by Hilary Thomson
Note: Interview Summarized. No
TranscriptGeographic Locations: Wisconsin;
Seattle; Yakima; California; Gig Harbor; Bremerton Subjects: Migration west from
Wisconsin, WWII, work in Seattle dockyards, farm life in Eastern Washington,
homesteading, WWI soldiers, hop harvesting, housework, nursing, life in Fresno,
cannery work, abuse, Tacoma, homeless refuge, childhood memories, school
memories, poverty, social customs, recreation, sewing, elopement,
transportation, sex education, birth control, marriage, pregnancy, the Great
Depression, anti-nuclear demonstration, equipment description, beginnings of
Hanford nuclear power plant, factory work, Rose's impressions of the German
immigrants around her.
May 10, 1980
20/11
Pattison, Olga:
interviewed by Hilary Thomson
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcript. Geographic Locations: Meridian
(rural Whatcom County), Bellingham, Blue Canyon, Sumas, Sedro WoolleySubjects: Teaching, involvement in
local politics, Congregational Church, Seventh Day Adventists (Russelites) and
committee leader of PLF - the Progressive Literary Fraternity-- first federated
women's club with beginnings in 1900 (museum restoration group), memories of
Normal School during WWII, associations with munitions workers at the Bon.
Swedish immigrants arrived in the area in 1888. Mother worked at the California
Hotel on D Street in Bellingham. Early Washington State history, incorporation
of Sehome, Fairhaven, and Whatcom, infant mortality, literacy, environmental
concerns, housework. Blue Canyon, labor issues, 1895 mine explosion, miners,
natural resources, prospectors, Post Lambert gold mine, floods, labor unions,
farming, midwifery, home childbirth, poverty, use of the word "Siwash",
relations with Native Americans, school segregation issues, Catholics,
children's hair styles during the Great Depression, children's gender roles,
women's work, socializing at the Grange Hall, holiday celebrations, religion,
Measles outbreak, hearing problems, travel, steamer trips to Seattle, death of
her husband, sex education, comparisons of life before and after the Great
Depression, knitting for the Red Cross, effects of WWII, Boeing's bomb factory
in Bellingham, intergenerational co-habitation, gardening, experimental botany
for WSU, canning, donations to local Japanese families in the area, who were
deported after WWII Organizations: 4-H, Parent-Teacher
Organization, Home Demonstration Club, the United Nations Club and the League
of Women Voters
November 14, 1980
20/12
Paul, Helen:
interviewed by Kathy Bruneau
Note: Interview Summarized. No
Transcript. Geographic Locations: Bainbridge;
Vashon Island; Yakima; Saxton; Chemawa, Oregon; Goshen; Chillawack; Carnation;
Seattle; Tulalip Subjects: School memories of Van
Zandt and Deming, migrant agricultural work: berry and vegetable picking in
Eastern Washington, illnesses, poverty, fishing, food preparation, home-made
clothing, home childbirth, planting and farming, tuberculosis, mortality,
women's club, Pow-wows, longhouses, smokehouses, gatherings of Indian Tribes,
Native songs and traditions, First Nations Canadians, cannery work, senior
center, bone games, card games, Cushman Sanitarium, recreation, fish
preparation, transportation of groceries by canoes, recycled clothing,
knitting, Bureau of Indian Affairs sponsorship of Indian Hospital/field nurse.
Description of Grandmother's log cabin fire, the flood associated with it, and