Funding for encoding this finding aid was
provided through a grant awarded by the National Endowment for the
Humanities.
Biographical Note
Anna Johnson was born on July 23, 1899 in
Esse, Finland to Matt Leander Granlund and Josefina Lovisa. Her father was
employed in a variety of trades, and the family owned a small amount of land on
which they grew crops such as potatoes and hay. There were five children in the
family, and all but Anna and her sister Maria died in their youth. Anna's
father also died of a ruptured appendix at age thirty-one, after which her
mother did practical nursing as a means of support until she too passed away
when Anna was only nine. After her mother's death, Anna went to live with her
uncle, where she helped take care of his children. She did not attend much
school but learned to read and write as well as Bible history at home. When
Anna was thirteen, her father's cousin visited Finland from America and invited
Anna to return with him. Anna was happy to go with him and set sail from Hangö,
Finland on November 24, 1913. After changing boats in Liverpool, England, Anna
made a nine-day voyage across the Atlantic, landing at Ellis Island, where her
name was changed from Granlund to Lund. From New York, Anna traveled to
Bemidji, Minnesota, where one of her uncles lived with his family. Anna stayed
with her uncle off and on until 1915, during which time she helped take care of
his children, worked on a farm, and attended some school. The language barrier
was difficult for Anna at first, but she felt that there were many
opportunities to be had in America and worked to overcome it. After living with
her uncle, Anna worked at a boarding house and then went on to work in a
restaurant until 1920. At that time, Anna decided to move to the West Coast,
settling in Everett, Washington. Anna quickly found another job as a waitress
and joined the Cooks and Waitress Union as a way to make friends. In Everett,
Anna was also reacquainted with a man named Frank Johnson, whom she had first
met in church in Minnesota. Frank was of Swedish heritage and had served in
WWI. Anna and Frank were married a year and a half after they met in Everett
and remained in the city until 1945, during which time Frank worked at a
sawmill and Anna continued to work as a waitress. The couple had three
children: Rudolph, Clifford, and Roger, and Anna always made sure she was home
when the children were, firmly believing in the necessity of a sound home-life.
In 1945, the family bought a share of Puget Sound Plywood Co. and moved to
Tacoma. Frank worked at the plywood company until he had a heart-attack in
1953. Through the years, Anna has been a part of the Vasa Lodge and has been
very involved in the Lutheran Church. She was also the President of the Widows
of WWI group. Anna is proud to be Finnish and has visited Finland four times,
once with Frank in 1954 and three more times on her own.
Lineage
Full Name: Anna Elvira Johnson. Maiden
Name: Anna Elvira Granlund Lund. Father Matt Leander Granlund. Mother: Josefina
Lovisa Tarvonen. Paternal Grandfather: Matt Mattson Tarvonen. Paternal
Grandmother: Katarina Helena Tarvonen, Kajsa Lena Jakabror Hägglund. Maternal
Grandfather: Matt Anderson Stubb, Matt Andrew Stubb Granlund. Maternal
Grandmother: Kajsa Greta Erickson, Brita Kaijan Stubb. Brothers and Sisters:
Matt Leander Granlund, George Leonard Granlund, Maria Olivia Granlund. Spouse:
Frank Johnson. Children: Rudolph B. Johnson, Clifford Arne Johnson, Roger E.
Johnson.
Content Description
This interview was conducted with Anna
Johnson on October 23, 1981 in Tacoma, Washington. It contains information on
family background, emigration, employment, marriage and family, community
involvement, and Finnish heritage. The interview was conducted in English with
some Swedish at the end of the interview.
Use of the Collection
Restrictions on Access :
The oral history collection
is open to all users.
Restrictions on Use :
There are no
restrictions on use.
Administrative Information
Custodial History :
The Oral History collection
project was started during an experimental course on Scandinavian Women in the
Pacific Northwest. Students in the course were encouraged to interview women
and learn about their experiences as immigrants to the United States. The
project was continued and expanded with support from the president's office and
by grants from the L.J. Skaggs and Mary C. Skaggs Foundation, from the Joel E.
Ferris Foundation and the Norwegian Emigration Fund of the Royal Norwegian
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The project was directed by Dr. Janet E.
Rasmussen. The collection was transferred to the Archives and Special
Collections Department.
Acquisition Information :
Related Materials :
To search and view Pacific
Lutheran University's digitized images, visit our
Digital Assets
Website
Processing Note :
The interview was conducted by
Inger Nygaard Carr using a cassette recorder. A research copy was also prepared
from the original. To further preserve the content of the interview, it is now
being transferred to compact disc. We deliberately did not transcribe the
entire interview because we want the researchers to listen to the interviewee's
own voice. The transcription index highlights important aspects of the
interview and the tape counter numbers noted on the Partial Interview
Transcription are meant as approximate finding guides and refer to the location
of a subject on the cassette/CD. The recording quality is good
The
collection was transcribed by Mary Sue Gee, Julie Peterson and Becky Husby.
Bibliography :
Rasmussen, Janet Elaine.New Land
New Lives: Scandinavian immigrants to the Pacific NorthwestTacoma, WashingtonUniversity of Washington
Press1993
Additional Reference Guides :
Detailed Description of the Collection
The partial interview transcription
highlights important aspects of the interview. Numbers may be used as guides to
important subjects. Two numbers separated by a slash indicate that the first
number is for cassette and the second for CD.
Cassette
104, side 1
004: PERSONAL
BACKGROUND
Born in Esse, Finland which is
in the northern part of Finland.
104, side 1
011: HISTORY OF
FINLAND
Old ties to Sweden. Family had
bought land from Sweden long ago, which is now Finland.
104, side 1
028: PARENTS
Father - Matt Leander Granlund. Mother - Josefina
Lovisa. Talks about where the parents are from near Esse, Finland.
104, side 1
039: TALKS ABOUT FINNISH,
SWEDISH TIES
Northern Finland has
background of Swedes.
104, side 1
046: BIRTHDATE
July 23, 1899.
104, side 1
048: PARENTS
Father needed many trades to make it. Superintendent
of school. Played the organ. Teacher. Deacon in the church. They lived in Esse,
Finland.
104, side 1
057: LAND
Had a little land from the father's side of the family which
her father shared with his brother's. Some brothers immigrated to the US.
104, side 1
071:
Enough land to grow a few crops, potatoes, and hay. In
Finland didn't grow many vegetables, but mostly grain. Had 2 cows.
104, side 1
081: GRANDPARENTS
Grandfather had a large farm. He was also a mail
carrier.
104, side 1
087: BROTHER & SISTERS
Five children. Maria died in 1973. The
others died when they were small children. Maria had stayed in Finland.
104, side 1
094: CHILDHOOD
HOME
Three bedroom house. Mother very
religious. Lots of singing. Sunday school taught in their house.
104, side 1
101: WINTERS
Finland was very cold in the winter. Couldn't travel
very far.
104, side 1
105: MOTHER
Did practical nursing when her husband died. She made her
living this way. She would keep patients in the house.
104, side 1
107: BROTHERS &
SISTERS
Died young. One died at age 12
from an inflamed knee injury. Doctors couldn't treat it. Dad died from ruptured
appendix. One brother died of TB of the stomach.
104, side 1
118:
Epidemic of TB from the milk of the cows.
104, side 1
121: CHILDHOOD
Didn't go to school much because her mother died when
Anna was 9 years old. She lived with her uncle and took care of her uncle's
children.
104, side 1
132: EDUCATION
Learned to read and write mostly at home. Learned
Bible history.
104, side 1
142:
Mostly worked. "Learned how to work."
104, side 1
144: TICKET TO THE US
Father's cousin came in 1913 from America
and asked Anna if she wanted to go to the US. She was glad to go and get away
from Finland. Ticket was $92.
104, side 1
152: CHRISTMAS
Started around Thanksgiving time to kill sheep and
store the meat for Christmas. Roasted some meat. Tree hung from the ceiling if
there were small children around. Homemade decorations for the tree.
104, side 1
169: HARVEST
After the grain harvest, the grain was ground for
bread and for the animals. The horses had bread for a treat.
104, side 1
181: BAKED GOODS
Sweet bread. Raisins and prunes to make sweet soup.
Never saw cookies.
104, side 1
190: CHURCH
Went to church at Christmas. Lutheran church. Mostly Lutheran
and a few Baptist churches in Finland.
104, side 1
195: SCHOOL
She described the ages that children go to school.
104, side 1
208: TRIP TO U.S.
At age 13, she came to the U.S. with a cousin of her
father's on November 24, 1913.
104, side 1
217: BOAT TRIP
Sailed from Hangö in Finland. Changed boats at
Liverpool, England. "Conrad."
104, side 1
224: BOAT TRIP
Travel on the North Sea very bad. No food. Crawled
along. Rough sea. Took 9 days to get across the Atlantic.
104, side 1
239: BUYING TICKET
Took care of travel from Finland to Minnesota.
104, side 1
244: TRAVEL
Stayed in Liverpool for 2 days. Mostly Swedish people
around her. Cousin could read English which helped.
104, side 1
261: FAMILY
Left behind a sister in Finland.
104, side 1
268: ELLIS ISLAND
"Just Fine". One Italian lady had a knife around her
neck - she was going to stab someone if they didn't change bunks. Stayed one
night at Ellis Island.
104, side 1
287: FIRST
IMPRESSIONS
Not distorted by Ellis
Island.
104, side
1
293: TRAIN
TRAVEL
Food on the train. No trouble on
the train.
104, side 1
301: LUGGAGE
Clothes and an old black scarf from the 1880's.
104, side 1
307: CHURCH
In Finland, they always wore a black scarf when they went to
church.
104, side
1
318:
MINNESOTA
Arrived in Bemidji, Minn. in the
evening. Went to her uncle's house.
104, side 1
332: UNCLE'S WORK
Sawmill workers made $1.75 in 1913. Uncle worked in
Minnesota in the mills. This wasn't much to feed a family.
104, side 1
341: WORK
Anna helped take care of children. Scrubbed clothes on a
board. "Plain" food. She worked on a farm in the summer. She liked this.
104, side 1
358: SCHOOL
Went to school some in Minnesota.
104, side 1
368: NAME CHANGE
Her uncle's name was Emil Lund. Anna's name changed to
Lund at Ellis Island because they didn't want the name Granlund.
104, side 1
375: SCHOOL
Children didn't like foreigners at school who couldn't speak
English. At first the teacher had Anna come after school from 3:00 - 4:30pm so
she could get special help. Was a Norwegian school teacher.
104, side 1
404: LANGUAGE
The language barrier was the most difficult thing in
coming to America another was being lonesome. Many good opportunities in the
U.S.
104, side 1
416: WOMEN
In Finland, there different expectations of women. Women do
very hard physical labor.
104, side 1
425: MOTHER
Drowned in the river. There was a hole in the ice and
she slipped through. No one saw her drown.
104, side 1
440: FATHER
Sick for a long time. Died of appendicitis. Doctors in
Finland could treat it. He was 31 when he died.
104, side 1
454: WORK
Stayed with her uncle off and on until 1915, then she went to
work for a lady who owned a boarding house. She cooked, cleaned, etc for $2.50
a week.
104, side
1
473:
WAR
When the war broke out she quit the
boarding house because the owner couldn't afford it anymore. Food was very
high.
104, side 1
478: WORK
Went to work at a restaurant in Bemidji, Minnesota until
1920. Started at $6 a week with room & board. Made more by 1920.
104, side 1
510: MOVED
Left Minnesota for the West Coast. Went to Canada to visit
her Aunt who had brought her to the US. Took the train to Everett, WA.
104, side 1
535: WORK
Started work in an Everett restaurant. Not hard to find work.
Made wages of $3 a day.
104, side 1
549: UNIONS
Way to make friends. Cooks and waitresses Union.
104, side 1
562: MARRIAGE
Husband came from Alaska. He had been in the service
in WWI. He found work on a fishing boat that went to Alaska.
104, side 1
571: HUSBAND
She'd met him first in church in Minnesota. His name
was Frank Johnson.
104, side 1
587:
Married one and a half years after they met in Everett.
104, side 1
592: WEDDING
Married in the pastor's parsonage. The witnesses were
the only ones there. Pastor Pederson at the Mission Covenant Church.
104, side 1
603: CHURCH
No Lutheran ministers in Everett at the time.
104, side 1
611: HUSBAND'S
WORK
Worked in a sawmill. Stayed in
Everett until 1945. Came to Tacoma. Bought a share of Puget Sound Plywood Co.
Worked there until his heart attack in 1953.
104, side 2
004: CHILDREN
Three - The oldest, Rudy Johnson was in WWII. He is
now a pastor at Our Saviors Lutheran Church in Seaside, OR. He has four
children. His wife's name is Ruth. They were married in the First Lutheran
Church in Tacoma. His children are described below.
104, side 2
016: GRANDCHILDREN
Gerald was in the service for 3 years. Now is a police
captain in Greshem, OR.
104, side 2
018: GRANDCHILDREN
Elaine graduated from Pacific Lutheran University.
They live in Corvallis, OR. She is a teacher.
104, side 2
021: GRANDCHILDREN
Kathryn is married and living in Portland, OR.
104, side 2
026: GRANDCHILDREN
Clifford is a graduate of Pacific
Lutheran University. Now an accountant in Portland, OR. He has 3 kids - all
educated.
104, side 2
035: CHILDREN
Roger Johnson: Bought their share of Puget Sound
Plywood Co. He has three children. They live in Tacoma.
104, side 2
042: FAMILY LIFE
Happy family life. Close ties to the church.
104, side 2
045: CHURCH
Goes now to Emmanuel Lutheran Church. Very involved.
104, side 2
050: WIDOWS OF WWI
President of this group. She gives talks to other
chapters.
104, side 2
057: HUSBAND
He was a deacon in the church. He had a Swedish
background. She talks about her husband's mother & father.
104, side 2
066: FINNISH
ORGANIZATIONS
Order of Runneberg. She
wasn't a member of this.
104, side 2
073:
Member of the Vasa Lodge in Everett.
104, side 2
076: DEPRESSION
Worked after she was married during the Depression.
Mills down. She worked in restaurants.
104, side 2
085: CHILD-RAISING
Was home when the children were home. Important for
young children to have a home life.
104, side 2
094:
Crime now because children have no one to turn to.
104, side 2
100: TRIPS TO
FINLAND
Went with her husband in 1954.
Second time in 1967. Third 1969. Fourth 1975.
104, side 2
105: CHANGES
Finland is very modern now. Oil heat. Hot & cold
running water. Farm machinery. More modern buildings than here in the US.
104, side 2
117: TRAVEL
Cheaper travel in Finland than in the US. Senior citizens get
reduced rates.
104, side 2
123: FINLAND
Modern restaurants - McDonalds. Travel safer in
Finland - not so much fear as here in the US.
104, side 2
128: CHURCH
Church background important to many in Finland. This reflects
the ideals of the population.
104, side 2
132: EDUCATION
Trade schools. It's free education. Can learn various
trades.
104, side
2
145:
EDUCATION
In Finland today it is
compulsory to learn more than one language. Some know many languages. Swedish a
basic language in Finland.
104, side 2
158: AFTER WWII IN
FINLAND
Troubled times. People sharing
food. Not much meat.
104, side 2
167: RUSSIA &
FINLAND
Russia now buys many things from
Finland. Now friends with Russia. Have been wars between them for many
years.
104, side 2
174: LANGUAGE
Didn't teach her children Swedish. Now they have
picked up some Swedish.
104, side 2
185: TRIP TO NORWAY
Went in 1975 and visited some in-laws.
She talks about her in-laws some.
104, side 2
203: HERITAGE
Not ashamed to be Finnish. Still had contact with his
brother-in-law in Finland.
104, side 2
217: SPOKEN
SWEDISH
She speaks in Swedish. Good
example of the language.
Subjects
This collection is indexed under
the following headings in the online catalog. Researchers desiring materials
about related topics, persons, or places should search the catalog using these
headings.
Personal Names :
Granlund, Matt Andrew Stubb
Granlund, Matt Leander
Hägglund, Kajsa Lena Jakabror
Johnson, Anna Elvira Granlund Lund--Interviews
(
creator)
Johnson, Clifford Arne
Johnson, Frank
Johnson, Roger E.
Johnson, Rudolph, B.
Lund, Emil
Moans, Kajsa Greta Erickson
Stubb, Brita Kaijan
Stubb, Matt Anderson
Tarvonen, Josefina Lovisa
Tarvonen, Katarina Helena
Tarvonen, Matt Mattson
Family Names :
Granlund family
Hägglund family
Johnson
family
Lund
family
Moans
family
Stubb
family
Tarvonen family
Corporate Names :
Emmanuel Lutheran Church (Tacoma, Wash.)
First Lutheran Church (Tacoma, Wash.)
Puget Sound Plywood Company (Tacoma, Wash.)
Vasa Order of
America. Lodge Number 231 (Everett, Wash.)